Central dogma Transcription and translation

Question 1

Initiation -transcription

Answer 1

RNA polymerase binds to promoter, DNA strand unwinds, polymerase starts RNA synthesis at template strands start point

Question 2

Elongation - transcription

Answer 2

Polymerase moves downstream, unwinding DNA, elongating RNA transcript 5’ -> 3’
DNA strands reform double helix after transcription

Question 3

Termination - transcription

Answer 3

RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches from the RNA

Question 4

Transcription

Answer 4

formation of mRNA molecule against the template strand of DNA by complementary nucleotide base pairing

Question 5

Translation

Answer 5

mRNA moves through ribosome, codons translated into amino acids using tRNA with anticodons matching mRNA codons, adding amino acids to growing polypeptide chain

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

storage proteins
transport..
hormonal..
structural..
enzymatic..
defensive..
receptor..
motor..

Question 7

What happens if proteins do not work as intended

Answer 7

-mutations can drive changes in protein behaviour
-a single amino acid substitution (U–> A) in a protein causes sickle-cell disease