Prokaryotic cells

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

-no histones
-not all pathogens
-essential for microbiome
-commensal gut bacteria produce vitamin biotin (vital for health)
-inhabit organisms
-helps in digestion, defence, and vitamin synthesis
-single and circular molecule

Question 2

Capsule

Answer 2

-bacterial force field
-determines bacterial virulence
-may be toxic to host defences
-prevents drying out, maintains immunity to viruses
-external polysaccharide layer
-blocks phagocytosis, helps adherence to host

Question 3

flagella and pili

Answer 3

-used for motility and attachment
-have a circular motion to move forward

Question 4

Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, chloroplasts, or ER

Answer 4

ER- use cytoplasm for protein production and tagging mechanism for export
mito&chloro- they use cell membrane as site of respiration and photosynthesis