ATP and cellular energy -->end of module 1

Question 1

Cellular energy

Answer 1

-body requires energy for various activities e.g. physical work - movement
chemical work - active transport
-cell division, synthesis of large macromolecules, emitting light and sound require energy

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

-cell uses respiration to generate ATP
-metabolic reactions are powered by ATP
-cell’s energy shuttle
-most ATP is generated in the mitochondria
-ATP breakage is used to power anabolic reactions and non-spontaneous process in cell and body metabolism
-chemical energy is released from ATP when the bonds between phosphate groups are hydrolysed

Question 3

Glycolysis energy investment phase

Answer 3

-two ATP molecules invest in preparing glucose for breakdown
-Glucose is split into two 3 carbon sugars
-payoff phase doubles the molecules
-phosphorylated glucose converts to 2 pyruvates
-one glucose yields two pyruvates

Question 4

electron transport chain

Answer 4

-uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons into the mitochondrial
-at the end of this chain, oxygen accepts electrons and combines 2 H+ to make water –> why we need to breathe oxygen

Question 5

Fats and proteins can contribute to cellular respiration

Answer 5

-monomers from these molecules can enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle
-these cycles channel electrons from various organic molecules towards oxygen