Water Case Studies Flashcards
What is the water poverty index of Canada?
78
What is the water poverty index of Ethiopia?
45
What is the scale of water poverty index?
100
How much surface water does Canada have?
2900 km^3
How much surface water does Ethiopia have?
110 km^3
What is Canada’s population?
36 million
What is Ethiopia’s population?
102 million
65 million in 2000
What is Canada’s GNI/capita?
$33k
What is Ethiopia’s GNI/capita?
$170
What is GNI?
The total domestic and foreign output claimed by a country’s residents
How many countries does the Nile run through?
11
How much of Nile water reaching Egypt originates from the Blue Nile?
80%
Where is the source of the Blue Nile?
Ethiopia
When was the Nile Treaty signed?
1929
Britain signed on behalf of its colonies
What is the Nile Treaty?
Forbids any projects that could threaten the volume of water reaching Egypt
How much water is Egypt guaranteed by the Nile Treaty?
55bn m^3
how much water was Sudan guaranteed by the Nile Treaty?
18.5bn m^3
How much total water flows through the Nile?
84bn m^3
When were Egypt and Sudan’s shares of the Nile increased?
1959
How many people depend on the Nile for their livelihoods?
160 million
What is the South-North Water Transfer Project?
China moving water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River Basin in the arid north
What is the cost of the South-North Water Transfer Project?
$62 bn
How much water will be transferred by the South-North Water Transfer Project?
45 bn m^3 / year
What was the engineering feat of the Central Route of the South-North Water Transfer Project?
The canal was constructed so gravity pulls the water the whole way, without the need for pumping stations
What are the social factors of the South-North Water Transfer Project?
The project’s cost could make water too expensive for consumers
Villagers were forced to relocate
How many people have been relocated by the South-North Water Transfer Project?
350,000
How many people does the Colorado River supply water to?
Up to 36 million
What is the second-largest tributary of the Colorado River?
Gila River
What is the discharge of the Gila River compared to the past?
13% of its historic natural discharge
What percentage of the Colorado River is used for agriculture?
70%
How much of the Colorado River is used up before it reaches Mexico?
90%
What percentage of the Colorado River is used for leisure?
15%
What is the impact of using Colorado River water for leisure?
Golf courses, green lawns, and pools cause the water to evaporate
How many major dams and reservoirs are on the Colorado?
14
What was the impact of the Hoover Dam on the local ecosystem?
Trout & salmon population decreased 82%
What method of irrigation do farmers of the Colorado River use?
Flood irrigation
What has increased water demand in the Colorado River basin?
Urbanising population
How many USA states does the Colorado River drain?
7
How are the federal government pressured by the Colorado River?
Under pressure from politicians and lobbyists to not change water allocations
How has the USA pledged to invest in water conservation projects in Mexico?
$32m
Plugging leaks in irrigation canals; helping farmers implement water-efficient technology
What is the USA-Mexico Colorado agreement called?
Minute 323
When was the Colorado River water allocated?
1922 Colorado River Compact
How much water per day does Tallinn use?
95 litres
How much water per day does Singapore use?
143 litres
How much of Singapore’s water supply comes from desalination?
10%
How much of Singapore’s water supply comes from catchment?
20%
Who is Singapore’s water provider?
Public Utilities Board (PUB)
What is NEWater?
Singapore’s recycled wastewater
How much of Singapore’s water supply comes from NEWater?
40%
How many NEWater plants does Singapore have?
5
How much of Singapore’s water supply will come from NEWater and desalination?
85% by 2060
of future demand
How much has Singapore’s domestic water usage reduced?
165L in 2003
143L in 2014
How has Singapore reduced domestic water usage?
Educating the population
When were the Helsinki rules?
1966
What are the 1966 Helsinki rules?
Guideline for the use of rivers and groundwaters across borders
What are the limitations of the 1966 Helsinki rules?
There is no mechanism for enforcing the rules
Somewhat subjective
How are the 1966 Helsinki rules subjective?
“The past utilisation of the waters of the basin”
“The economic and social needs of each State”
