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A-Level Geography > Water Case Studies > Flashcards

Water Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the water poverty index of Canada?

A

78

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2
Q

What is the water poverty index of Ethiopia?

A

45

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3
Q

What is the scale of water poverty index?

A

100

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4
Q

How much surface water does Canada have?

A

2900 km^3

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5
Q

How much surface water does Ethiopia have?

A

110 km^3

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6
Q

What is Canada’s population?

A

36 million

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7
Q

What is Ethiopia’s population?

A

102 million

65 million in 2000

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8
Q

What is Canada’s GNI/capita?

A

$33k

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9
Q

What is Ethiopia’s GNI/capita?

A

$170

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10
Q

What is GNI?

A

The total domestic and foreign output claimed by a country’s residents

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11
Q

How many countries does the Nile run through?

A

11

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12
Q

How much of Nile water reaching Egypt originates from the Blue Nile?

A

80%

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13
Q

Where is the source of the Blue Nile?

A

Ethiopia

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14
Q

When was the Nile Treaty signed?

A

1929

Britain signed on behalf of its colonies

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15
Q

What is the Nile Treaty?

A

Forbids any projects that could threaten the volume of water reaching Egypt

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16
Q

How much water is Egypt guaranteed by the Nile Treaty?

A

55bn m^3

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17
Q

how much water was Sudan guaranteed by the Nile Treaty?

A

18.5bn m^3

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18
Q

How much total water flows through the Nile?

A

84bn m^3

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19
Q

When were Egypt and Sudan’s shares of the Nile increased?

A

1959

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20
Q

How many people depend on the Nile for their livelihoods?

A

160 million

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21
Q

What is the South-North Water Transfer Project?

A

China moving water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River Basin in the arid north

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22
Q

What is the cost of the South-North Water Transfer Project?

A

$62 bn

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23
Q

How much water will be transferred by the South-North Water Transfer Project?

A

45 bn m^3 / year

24
Q

What was the engineering feat of the Central Route of the South-North Water Transfer Project?

A

The canal was constructed so gravity pulls the water the whole way, without the need for pumping stations

25
Q

What are the social factors of the South-North Water Transfer Project?

A

The project’s cost could make water too expensive for consumers
Villagers were forced to relocate

26
Q

How many people have been relocated by the South-North Water Transfer Project?

A

350,000

27
Q

How many people does the Colorado River supply water to?

A

Up to 36 million

28
Q

What is the second-largest tributary of the Colorado River?

A

Gila River

29
Q

What is the discharge of the Gila River compared to the past?

A

13% of its historic natural discharge

30
Q

What percentage of the Colorado River is used for agriculture?

A

70%

31
Q

How much of the Colorado River is used up before it reaches Mexico?

A

90%

32
Q

What percentage of the Colorado River is used for leisure?

A

15%

33
Q

What is the impact of using Colorado River water for leisure?

A

Golf courses, green lawns, and pools cause the water to evaporate

34
Q

How many major dams and reservoirs are on the Colorado?

A

14

35
Q

What was the impact of the Hoover Dam on the local ecosystem?

A

Trout & salmon population decreased 82%

36
Q

What method of irrigation do farmers of the Colorado River use?

A

Flood irrigation

37
Q

What has increased water demand in the Colorado River basin?

A

Urbanising population

38
Q

How many USA states does the Colorado River drain?

A

7

39
Q

How are the federal government pressured by the Colorado River?

A

Under pressure from politicians and lobbyists to not change water allocations

40
Q

How has the USA pledged to invest in water conservation projects in Mexico?

A

$32m

Plugging leaks in irrigation canals; helping farmers implement water-efficient technology

41
Q

What is the USA-Mexico Colorado agreement called?

A

Minute 323

42
Q

When was the Colorado River water allocated?

A

1922 Colorado River Compact

43
Q

How much water per day does Tallinn use?

A

95 litres

44
Q

How much water per day does Singapore use?

A

143 litres

45
Q

How much of Singapore’s water supply comes from desalination?

A

10%

46
Q

How much of Singapore’s water supply comes from catchment?

A

20%

47
Q

Who is Singapore’s water provider?

A

Public Utilities Board (PUB)

48
Q

What is NEWater?

A

Singapore’s recycled wastewater

49
Q

How much of Singapore’s water supply comes from NEWater?

A

40%

50
Q

How many NEWater plants does Singapore have?

A

5

51
Q

How much of Singapore’s water supply will come from NEWater and desalination?

A

85% by 2060

of future demand

52
Q

How much has Singapore’s domestic water usage reduced?

A

165L in 2003

143L in 2014

53
Q

How has Singapore reduced domestic water usage?

A

Educating the population

54
Q

When were the Helsinki rules?

A

1966

55
Q

What are the 1966 Helsinki rules?

A

Guideline for the use of rivers and groundwaters across borders

56
Q

What are the limitations of the 1966 Helsinki rules?

A

There is no mechanism for enforcing the rules

Somewhat subjective

57
Q

How are the 1966 Helsinki rules subjective?

A

“The past utilisation of the waters of the basin”

“The economic and social needs of each State”

A-Level Geography (14 decks)

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