Migration Flashcards
What is China’s passport system called?
Hukou
When did the Schengen Agreement come into effect?
1995
How many Schengen members are there?
26
How much of the EU’s citizens live in another member state?
2.8%
How much of the world’s population live outside their country of birth?
4%
How much of the Japanese population is immigrant?
1.7%
What is the average immigrant population of an advanced economy?
5%
What proportion of Australia’s immigrants are accepted based on skills shortages?
70%
What problems has the hukou system caused?
Pressure on transport system when urban workers return to rural homes at the holidays
What is neo-liberalism?
Belief in free flows of people, capital and trade
Define sovereignty
Authority of a state to govern
Define national identity
The sense of belonging to a country and its culture
Where on the political spectrum do people believe that immigrants burden the country by taking jobs and services?
Right wing
How are names chosen in Iceland?
From an approved list, to preserve Icelandic saga language
What proportion of Icelanders belong to same the church?
74%
What plays an intrinsic part of Iceland’s national identity?
Icelandic Sagas
When was the Berlin conference?
1884
What are the ethnic areas of Singapore?
Chinatown, Little India, Kampong Glam (Muslim Malay)
What is the distribution of ethnicity in Singapore?
74% Chinese, 13% Malay, 9% Indian
What kind of borders were drawn in Africa?
Geometric boundaries
How did the Belgians increase tension in Rwanda?
Introduced ethnic identity cards in 1926
Preference to Tutsi over Hutu
Who were initially in control of Rwanda?
Unified region
How many Tutsis were killed in the Rwandan genocide?
800,000
When was the Rwandan genocide?
1994
How many Polish people live in the UK?
Over 1 million
How much does the Cayman Islands hold in assets?
£1.1 trillion
What is the Cayman Islands’ personal tax rate?
0%
How much did Facebook pay in taxes to the UK?
£4300 in corporation tax in 2014
Why are tax havens controversial?
Companies and individuals avoid paying tax in the country that enabled them to earn wealth
What are the positives of tax havens?
Political stability and secure banking/legal systems
How much of Apple’s cash was held abroad?
89%
What IGO has been against tax havens?
EU - “ability of TNCs to move revenue throughout EU to low-tax member states like Ireland is unfair”
What IGO supports tax havens?
World Bank
What was Evo Morales elected for?
To undo 20 years of privatisation and IMF influence
Who is Bolivia’s president?
Evo Morales
How did Bolivia change their economic strategy, in regards to energy?
Nationalised oil and gas
How much of the oil and gas industry’s value did the Bolivia government take from TNCs?
80%
How did energy connections change in Bolivia?
Increased gas connections by 800%
Increased electricity by 150%
How did the wealth distribution change in Bolivia?
Increased tax for the wealthy, guaranteed prices for food products for the poor
Increased Gini coefficient
What is a good Gini coefficient?
Higher (0 to 1)
How did the economic sanctions affect Iran?
GDP fell by 5%
What was the economic sanctions on Iran?
Trade embargo on oil to discourage nuclear program
When was Evo Morales elected?
2006
What was happening in Bosnia in 1993?
Ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims by Bosnian Serbs
When did ethnic cleansing take place in Bosnia?
1993
Where did the UN designate a safe town?
Small town in northeast
Srebrenica
How was Srebrenica protected?
Small force of UN peacekeepers
How many people were massacred when Bosnian Serbs captured Srebrenica?
8000 men and boys
What is unilateral action?
When a country acts against another without UN approval
Where, in 2003, did the USA, UK and Australia invade in response to 9/11?
Iraq
When did the USA, UK and Australia invade Iraq?
2003
Who invaded Iraq in 2003 in response to 9/11?
USA, UK and Australia
How did the USA, UK and Australia justify their invasion of Iraq?
Evidence of weapons of mass destruction
Where would Catalonia rank in economy if it was its own nation?
34th
How many people demonstrated for an independence referendum for Catalonia?
1.5 million 2012
When was the Catalan Independence Referendum?
2017
When was the Scottish Independence Referendum?
2014
What was the vote in the Scottish Independence Referendum?
55% No
When was the Antarctica Treaty System?
1959
When did the Antarctica Treaty System come into effect?
1961
What are the goals of the Antarctica Treaty System?
Not involved with military use
Not ruled by any country and/or continent.
Used only for scientific research
What has been a drawback of the Antarctica Treaty System?
Decline of toothfish population
How much did China invest in a Kenya railway?
£2.8 billion
How has the railway impacted Kenya?
Cuts journey time across from Mombasa to Nairobi in half
How much was the latest Jamaican loan from the IMF?
£650m
When did the IMF first introduce SAPs to Jamaica?
1980s
What were the social disadvantages of the IMF’s SAPs in Jamaica in the 1980s?
Removal of subsidies increased skyrocketed food prices
How have the number of children completing primary school in Jamaica changed?
Was 97%
Now 73%
What is the debt imbalance of Jamaica?
Has repaid more money to the IMF than it has been lent, and still owes £6 billion
