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APES > Water and Water Pollution > Flashcards

Water and Water Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of all water on earth does freshwater make up

A

.63 percent

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2
Q

what is groundwater

A

layer between soil and impervious rock

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3
Q

what is the upper surface of groundwater called

A

water table

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4
Q

what is an aquifer

A

layer of poros material in which ground water moves through

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5
Q

what is groundwater recharge

A

input from precip through soil

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6
Q

what is an unconfined aquifer

A

water can flow in and out easily

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7
Q

what is a confined aquifer

A

surrounded by layer of impermeable rock or cla

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8
Q

what is an artesian well

A

water that is under pressure in a confined aquifer that can rise up in a well without pumping

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9
Q

what is a cone of depression

A

rapid pumping creates an area around a well where the water table is lowered

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10
Q

when do water tables drop[

A

when level of withdrawal is more than the recharge rate

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11
Q

what is saltwater intrusion

A

loss of pressure allows adjecent salt water to infiltrate aquifer

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12
Q

what do levees do

A

prevent river flooding

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13
Q

what do dikes (lol) do

A

prevents ocean flooding

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14
Q

what do dams do

A

creates a resevoir, flood control, hydroelectric dam, recreation

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15
Q

what do fish ladders do

A

allows fish to migrate past a danm

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16
Q

what do aqueducts do

A

carry water from one location to another

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17
Q

what are point sources

A

identifiable of pollution that is easy to identify and treat

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18
Q

what are nonpoint sources

A

no specific source of pollution like runoff, snowmelt, storm water

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19
Q

what are pathogens

A

disease causing organisms

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20
Q

what are sediments

A

small pieces of dirt from erosion that can be found in rivers

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21
Q

what are bad things about sediment pollution

A

blocks sunlight, killing algae and other organisms

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22
Q

what is bad about pathogen pollution

A

epidemics can be caused, can be fecal matter

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23
Q

what is chemical pollution

A

pollution where water dissolves many chemicals

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24
Q

what are bad things about chemcial pollution

A

can biomagnify and can be toxic

25
Q

what are organic wastes

A

any human or animal wastes, plant matter

26
Q

what is BOD

A

measure of oxygen needed to break down amount of organic matter in the water

27
Q

what is nutrient pollution

A

when nutrients get into water

28
Q

what does nutrient pollution usually cause

A

eutrophication

29
Q

what is eutrophication

A

when algae blooms, using up large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water, killing organisms

30
Q

what is thermal pollution

A

when hot or warm water is added to water supply

31
Q

what is a common source of thermal pollution

A

power plants that use water as a cooling measure

32
Q

what does the clean water act do

A

protects and restores waters that focuses on point sources

33
Q

what does the water quality act do

A

focus on non point sources

34
Q

what is the safe drinking act

A

protects public water quality throughout the nation

35
Q

what are some affects on animals by oil spills

A

decreased insulation, poisoning by ingesting

36
Q

what are some affects on the ecosystems by oil spills

A

contribution to the greenhouse effect, tar formation

37
Q

what are some natural ways to clean up oil spills

A

weathering, evaporation, and biodegredation

38
Q

what are somne human ways to clean up oil spills

A

brooms and skimmers, burning, chemicals

39
Q

what is natural eutreophication

A

eutrophication caused by decay process in older ponds and lakes

40
Q

what is cultural eutrophication

A

increase of plant nutrients drom runoff

41
Q

what is the first method of combating eutrophication

A

chemical treatment and aeration

42
Q

what is aeration

A

addition of oxygen to affected area of water

43
Q

what is the second way to help eutrophication

A

attacking root causes and identifying sources

44
Q

what is debris and grit

A

sand and plastic

45
Q

what is particulate organic matter

A

fecal matter and food waste

46
Q

what is dissolved organic matter

A

urine, bacteria, soap

47
Q

what is dissolved inorganic matter

A

nitrogen and phosphorus

48
Q

what happens during preliminary treatement

A

bar screen removes debris, then grit chamber allows gritto settle on bottom

49
Q

what happens during primary treatment

A

removes particulate organic usiong primary clarifiers

50
Q

what are primary clarifiers

A

large tanks that allows organic matter to settle and removed fats rise to the top

51
Q

what happens during secondary treatment

A

removal of dissolved organic using organisms to decompose wastes

52
Q

what do activated sludge systems do0

A

organisms added to large tank with air bubbling system

53
Q

what are clarifier tanks

A

allows organisms to settle out

54
Q

what happens during tertiary treatment

A

disenfection using chlorine, UV light, or ozone

55
Q

what happens during the treatment of sludge

A

sludge is eaten by bacteria

56
Q

what are sludge digesters

A

airtight tanks

57
Q

what is composting

A

sludge is added to woodchips where bacteria breaks down substances

58
Q

what is pasteurization

A

water is removed from sludge and then burned

APES (17 decks)

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