Water and Water Pollution

Question 1

what percent of all water on earth does freshwater make up

Answer 1

.63 percent

Question 2

what is groundwater

Answer 2

layer between soil and impervious rock

Question 3

what is the upper surface of groundwater called

Answer 3

water table

Question 4

what is an aquifer

Answer 4

layer of poros material in which ground water moves through

Question 5

what is groundwater recharge

Answer 5

input from precip through soil

Question 6

what is an unconfined aquifer

Answer 6

water can flow in and out easily

Question 7

what is a confined aquifer

Answer 7

surrounded by layer of impermeable rock or cla

Question 8

what is an artesian well

Answer 8

water that is under pressure in a confined aquifer that can rise up in a well without pumping

Question 9

what is a cone of depression

Answer 9

rapid pumping creates an area around a well where the water table is lowered

Question 10

when do water tables drop[

Answer 10

when level of withdrawal is more than the recharge rate

Question 11

what is saltwater intrusion

Answer 11

loss of pressure allows adjecent salt water to infiltrate aquifer

Question 12

what do levees do

Answer 12

prevent river flooding

Question 13

what do dikes (lol) do

Answer 13

prevents ocean flooding

Question 14

what do dams do

Answer 14

creates a resevoir, flood control, hydroelectric dam, recreation

Question 15

what do fish ladders do

Answer 15

allows fish to migrate past a danm

Question 16

what do aqueducts do

Answer 16

carry water from one location to another

Question 17

what are point sources

Answer 17

identifiable of pollution that is easy to identify and treat

Question 18

what are nonpoint sources

Answer 18

no specific source of pollution like runoff, snowmelt, storm water

Question 19

what are pathogens

Answer 19

disease causing organisms

Question 20

what are sediments

Answer 20

small pieces of dirt from erosion that can be found in rivers

Question 21

what are bad things about sediment pollution

Answer 21

blocks sunlight, killing algae and other organisms

Question 22

what is bad about pathogen pollution

Answer 22

epidemics can be caused, can be fecal matter

Question 23

what is chemical pollution

Answer 23

pollution where water dissolves many chemicals

Question 24

what are bad things about chemcial pollution

Answer 24

can biomagnify and can be toxic

Question 25

what are organic wastes

Answer 25

any human or animal wastes, plant matter

Question 26

what is BOD

Answer 26

measure of oxygen needed to break down amount of organic matter in the water

Question 27

what is nutrient pollution

Answer 27

when nutrients get into water

Question 28

what does nutrient pollution usually cause

Answer 28

eutrophication

Question 29

what is eutrophication

Answer 29

when algae blooms, using up large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water, killing organisms

Question 30

what is thermal pollution

Answer 30

when hot or warm water is added to water supply

Question 31

what is a common source of thermal pollution

Answer 31

power plants that use water as a cooling measure

Question 32

what does the clean water act do

Answer 32

protects and restores waters that focuses on point sources

Question 33

what does the water quality act do

Answer 33

focus on non point sources

Question 34

what is the safe drinking act

Answer 34

protects public water quality throughout the nation

Question 35

what are some affects on animals by oil spills

Answer 35

decreased insulation, poisoning by ingesting

Question 36

what are some affects on the ecosystems by oil spills

Answer 36

contribution to the greenhouse effect, tar formation

Question 37

what are some natural ways to clean up oil spills

Answer 37

weathering, evaporation, and biodegredation

Question 38

what are somne human ways to clean up oil spills

Answer 38

brooms and skimmers, burning, chemicals

Question 39

what is natural eutreophication

Answer 39

eutrophication caused by decay process in older ponds and lakes

Question 40

what is cultural eutrophication

Answer 40

increase of plant nutrients drom runoff

Question 41

what is the first method of combating eutrophication

Answer 41

chemical treatment and aeration

Question 42

what is aeration

Answer 42

addition of oxygen to affected area of water

Question 43

what is the second way to help eutrophication

Answer 43

attacking root causes and identifying sources

Question 44

what is debris and grit

Answer 44

sand and plastic

Question 45

what is particulate organic matter

Answer 45

fecal matter and food waste

Question 46

what is dissolved organic matter

Answer 46

urine, bacteria, soap

Question 47

what is dissolved inorganic matter

Answer 47

nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 48

what happens during preliminary treatement

Answer 48

bar screen removes debris, then grit chamber allows gritto settle on bottom

Question 49

what happens during primary treatment

Answer 49

removes particulate organic usiong primary clarifiers

Question 50

what are primary clarifiers

Answer 50

large tanks that allows organic matter to settle and removed fats rise to the top

Question 51

what happens during secondary treatment

Answer 51

removal of dissolved organic using organisms to decompose wastes

Question 52

what do activated sludge systems do0

Answer 52

organisms added to large tank with air bubbling system

Question 53

what are clarifier tanks

Answer 53

allows organisms to settle out

Question 54

what happens during tertiary treatment

Answer 54

disenfection using chlorine, UV light, or ozone

Question 55

what happens during the treatment of sludge

Answer 55

sludge is eaten by bacteria

Question 56

what are sludge digesters

Answer 56

airtight tanks

Question 57

what is composting

Answer 57

sludge is added to woodchips where bacteria breaks down substances

Question 58

what is pasteurization

Answer 58

water is removed from sludge and then burned