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APES > Unit 5 Unit Practice Test > Flashcards

Unit 5 Unit Practice Test Flashcards

1
Q

What relatively recent development is greatly impacting the carbon cycle?

A

combustion of fossil fuels

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2
Q

Which of the following produces the least amount of carbon dioxide while generating electricity?

A

wind turbines

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3
Q

All non-renewable resource power plants use heat to

A

produce steam to spin a turbine that spins an electric generator

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4
Q

This region of the world has been the largest petroleum exporter.

A

E

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5
Q

Effects attributed to Chernobyl __

A

include increased incidence of thyroid cancers

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6
Q

Biomass energy is derived from ___.

A

organisms such as plants

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7
Q

Passive solar power involves using ___.

A

the energy of sunlight without relying on electrical or mechanical devices

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8
Q

A major obstacle to the establishment of wind farms near populated and scenic areas is __.

A

not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndrome

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9
Q

A form of kinetic energy that can be harnessed with turbines

A

wind

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10
Q

An inexhaustible, nonpolluting, decentralized energy source, may be passive or active

A

solar

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11
Q

A method of converting sunlight directly into electrical energy

A

photovoltaic cells

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12
Q

A form of biofuel

A

cellulosic ethanol

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13
Q

In the majority of less developed countries, which of the following fuels is primarily used for domestic use?

A

biomass

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14
Q

The generation of electricity using heat left over from an industrial process

A

cogeneration

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15
Q

Which of the following would be ways that the government can encourage reduction of greenhouse gases? Select ALL that apply.

A

set standards for fuel efficency in automobiles, subsidies for renewable energy

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16
Q

The lithosphere includes…

A

all of the crust and part of the upper mantle

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17
Q

At a hot spot,

A

magma rises, creating volcanoes or volcanic islands

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18
Q

Granite is the dominant type of rock found in

A

continental crust

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19
Q

Basalt is the dominant type of rock found in

A

oceanic crust

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20
Q

Fossils and fossil fuels, formed from plant and animal remains, are found in

A

sedimentary rock

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21
Q

Which type of plate boundary has plates moving towards each other?

A

convergent plate boundary

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22
Q

A form of surface mining in which seams of soil and rock are removed to expose ore, commonly used in coal mining

A

strip mining

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23
Q

Environmental problems associated with mining involve

A

all of these

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24
Q

Which element is the primary component of fossil fuels?

A

carbon

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25
Q

Unwanted waste material from mining

A

tailings

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26
Q

Used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake

A

seismograph

27
Q

In 1997 the World Resources Institute estimated that world’s proven oil reserves to be 1,000 billion barrels and the ultimately recoverable reserves to be 2,000 billion barrels. The table below shows the world consumption of oil from 1986 to 1997. What was the approximate percent increase in consumption from 1986 to 1997 ?

A

20%

28
Q

In 1997 the World Resources Institute estimated that world’s proven oil reserves to be 1,000 billion barrels and the ultimately recoverable reserves to be 2,000 billion barrels. The table below shows the world consumption of oil from 1986 to 1997. At the 1997 rate of consumption, approximately how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last?

A

75 years `

29
Q

Which of the following countries has the largest coal reserves?

A

China

30
Q

An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?

A

cogeneration

31
Q

Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following?

A

l and lll only

32
Q

The source whose use is a direct cause of deforestation

A

biomass

33
Q

The source that is not renewable

A

nuclear fission

34
Q

The source that is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells

A

sunlight

35
Q

Renewable and clean, but may be intermittent. Have a visual impact (NIMBY) and may be a hazard to flying animals

A

wind

36
Q

Which of the following is a way for the government to encourage efficient energy use?

A

Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars

37
Q

Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies?

A

The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.

38
Q

In contrast to low-level radioactive waste, most high-level radioactive waste is currently

A

stored at reactor sites

39
Q

An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is

A

cleaner because it burns more completely

40
Q

Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity?

A

disposal of radioactive waste

41
Q

Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because

A

the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development

42
Q

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are

A

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

43
Q

Most volcanism in the world is associated with

A

plate boundaries

44
Q

The location where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc.

A

E

45
Q

Rock layer that must be porous and have enough permeability for fluid to move through the layer

A

C

46
Q

A benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms is that offshore wind farms produce more energy because of higher wind speeds.

A

true

47
Q

Which of these fuel sources is the cleanest burning?

A

natural gas

48
Q

A self-amplifying reaction and a nuclear explosion in a nuclear power plant are prevented in large part by ________

A

graphite control rods that absorb neutrons

49
Q

What does the EROI (energy returned on energy investment) tell us about a potential energy source?

A

An energy source with a low EROI will cause little environmental damage.

50
Q

alters habitats, disrupts fish migration, limited locations

A

hydroelectric

51
Q

high cost, not constant, large surface area is needed, availability varies with latitude

A

photovoltaic solar

52
Q

may lead to deforestation, may increase land use and pollution associated with agriculture, releases air pollution when combusted

A

biofuel

53
Q

limited because it is location specific, water use, costs, surface instability, may release gases

A

geothermal

54
Q

source of energy fluctuates, danger to wildlife, especially birds and bats, aesthetic impact

A

wind turbines

55
Q

Magma circulates in convection cells in the

A

asthenosphere

56
Q

The legislation that mandates that land should be minimally disturbed during the mining process and reclaimed after mining is completed is called the

A

1977 SMCRA

57
Q

Famous transform boundary in the US where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate are sliding past each other

A

San Andreas Fault

58
Q

The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

A

C

59
Q

Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy

A

Photovoltaics

60
Q

May include methanol and ethanol. This energy source can be mixed with gasoline to produce an automotive fuel.

A

Biomass

61
Q

Drawbacks include noise and the release of corrosive chemicals

A

geothermal

62
Q

Which energy source causes the greatest amount of riparian habitat destruction?

A

hydroelectric

63
Q

Every energy source requires an expenditure to obtain it.
A ____ EROEI value suggests a more efficient and desirable process.

A

larger

APES (17 decks)

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