Unit 5 Unit Practice Test Flashcards
What relatively recent development is greatly impacting the carbon cycle?
combustion of fossil fuels
Which of the following produces the least amount of carbon dioxide while generating electricity?
wind turbines
All non-renewable resource power plants use heat to
produce steam to spin a turbine that spins an electric generator
This region of the world has been the largest petroleum exporter.
E
Effects attributed to Chernobyl __
include increased incidence of thyroid cancers
Biomass energy is derived from ___.
organisms such as plants
Passive solar power involves using ___.
the energy of sunlight without relying on electrical or mechanical devices
A major obstacle to the establishment of wind farms near populated and scenic areas is __.
not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndrome
A form of kinetic energy that can be harnessed with turbines
wind
An inexhaustible, nonpolluting, decentralized energy source, may be passive or active
solar
A method of converting sunlight directly into electrical energy
photovoltaic cells
A form of biofuel
cellulosic ethanol
In the majority of less developed countries, which of the following fuels is primarily used for domestic use?
biomass
The generation of electricity using heat left over from an industrial process
cogeneration
Which of the following would be ways that the government can encourage reduction of greenhouse gases? Select ALL that apply.
set standards for fuel efficency in automobiles, subsidies for renewable energy
The lithosphere includes…
all of the crust and part of the upper mantle
At a hot spot,
magma rises, creating volcanoes or volcanic islands
Granite is the dominant type of rock found in
continental crust
Basalt is the dominant type of rock found in
oceanic crust
Fossils and fossil fuels, formed from plant and animal remains, are found in
sedimentary rock
Which type of plate boundary has plates moving towards each other?
convergent plate boundary
A form of surface mining in which seams of soil and rock are removed to expose ore, commonly used in coal mining
strip mining
Environmental problems associated with mining involve
all of these
Which element is the primary component of fossil fuels?
carbon
Unwanted waste material from mining
tailings
Used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
seismograph
In 1997 the World Resources Institute estimated that world’s proven oil reserves to be 1,000 billion barrels and the ultimately recoverable reserves to be 2,000 billion barrels. The table below shows the world consumption of oil from 1986 to 1997. What was the approximate percent increase in consumption from 1986 to 1997 ?
20%
In 1997 the World Resources Institute estimated that world’s proven oil reserves to be 1,000 billion barrels and the ultimately recoverable reserves to be 2,000 billion barrels. The table below shows the world consumption of oil from 1986 to 1997. At the 1997 rate of consumption, approximately how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last?
75 years `
Which of the following countries has the largest coal reserves?
China
An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?
cogeneration
Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following?
l and lll only
The source whose use is a direct cause of deforestation
biomass
The source that is not renewable
nuclear fission
The source that is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells
sunlight
Renewable and clean, but may be intermittent. Have a visual impact (NIMBY) and may be a hazard to flying animals
wind
Which of the following is a way for the government to encourage efficient energy use?
Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars
Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies?
The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.
In contrast to low-level radioactive waste, most high-level radioactive waste is currently
stored at reactor sites
An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is
cleaner because it burns more completely
Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity?
disposal of radioactive waste
Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because
the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development
There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
Most volcanism in the world is associated with
plate boundaries
The location where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc.
E
Rock layer that must be porous and have enough permeability for fluid to move through the layer
C
A benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms is that offshore wind farms produce more energy because of higher wind speeds.
true
Which of these fuel sources is the cleanest burning?
natural gas
A self-amplifying reaction and a nuclear explosion in a nuclear power plant are prevented in large part by ________
graphite control rods that absorb neutrons
What does the EROI (energy returned on energy investment) tell us about a potential energy source?
An energy source with a low EROI will cause little environmental damage.
alters habitats, disrupts fish migration, limited locations
hydroelectric
high cost, not constant, large surface area is needed, availability varies with latitude
photovoltaic solar
may lead to deforestation, may increase land use and pollution associated with agriculture, releases air pollution when combusted
biofuel
limited because it is location specific, water use, costs, surface instability, may release gases
geothermal
source of energy fluctuates, danger to wildlife, especially birds and bats, aesthetic impact
wind turbines
Magma circulates in convection cells in the
asthenosphere
The legislation that mandates that land should be minimally disturbed during the mining process and reclaimed after mining is completed is called the
1977 SMCRA
Famous transform boundary in the US where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate are sliding past each other
San Andreas Fault
The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary
C
Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy
Photovoltaics
May include methanol and ethanol. This energy source can be mixed with gasoline to produce an automotive fuel.
Biomass
Drawbacks include noise and the release of corrosive chemicals
geothermal
Which energy source causes the greatest amount of riparian habitat destruction?
hydroelectric
Every energy source requires an expenditure to obtain it.
A ____ EROEI value suggests a more efficient and desirable process.
larger
