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APES > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a feed back loop

A

when a systems output also serve as its input

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2
Q

what is a negative feedback loop

A

when a system moving in one direction acts as input that moves system in another direction

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3
Q

what is a positive feeback loop

A

when the system is pushed to an exxtreme

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4
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium

A

when processes move in opposing directions at equivalent rates so that their effects balance out

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5
Q

what is homeostasis

A

tendency of a system to maintain stability

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6
Q

what are emergent properties

A

characteristics that arent evident in the components alone

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7
Q

what is runoff

A

precipitation that flows over land and enters waterways

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8
Q

what is an airshed

A

geographic area that produces air pollutants likely to end up in a waterway

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9
Q

what is eutrophication

A

the process of nutrient overenrichment, algae bloos, increased production of organic matter, and subsequent ecosystem degradation

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10
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

rock and sediment below our feet , planets uppermost mantle and crust

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11
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

composed of the air surrounding out planet

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12
Q

what is the hydrosphere

A

encompasses all of the water either underground or in the air

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13
Q

what is the biosphere

A

consists of all planets living organisms and the abiotic portions of the environment

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14
Q

what is an estuary

A

body of water where rives flow into the ocean, mixing salt and freshwater

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15
Q

what is primary production

A

when autotrophs convert solar energy into chemical bonds and sugars

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16
Q

what is gross primary production

A

total amount of chemical energy produced by autotrophs

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17
Q

what is net primary production

A

energy that remains after respiration and that is used to generate biomass

18
Q

what is secondary production

A

when heterotrophs use biomass from plants to produce hair, skin, muscle, bone

19
Q

what is productivity

A

the rate at which conversion occurs

20
Q

what is net primary productivity

A

when plants convert solar energy to biomass rapidly

21
Q

what are nutrients

A

elements and comounds that organisms require to survive

22
Q

what are macronutirents

A

nutrients that are typically requiered in large amounts

23
Q

what are micronutrients

A

nutrients needed in small amounts

24
Q

what are ecotones

A

areas where ecosystems meet may consist of transitional zones

25
Q

what is landscape ecology

A

scientists study how landscape structure affects the abundance, distribution, and interaction of organisms

26
Q

what are patches

A

areas that are for a particular organisms

27
Q

what is a mosaic

A

when patches of landscapes are arranged like a mosaic

28
Q

what is a metapopulation

A

when members from other patches move along or mate with members of other patches

29
Q

what is a conservation biologist

A

scientists who stuyd the loss, protection, and resotration of biodiversity

30
Q

what is GIS

A

computer software that takes multiple types of of data and combines them layer by layer on a common set of geographic coordinates

31
Q

what is ecological modeling

A

practice of constructing and testing models that aim to explain and predict how ecological systems function

32
Q

what is a biogeochemical cycle

A

pathway in which nutrients move through ecosystems

33
Q

what is a flux

A

the rate at which materials move between reservoirs

34
Q

what is a sink

A

when a reservois accepts more material than it releases

35
Q

what is a source

A

when a reservoir releases more material than it accepts

36
Q

what is evaporation

A

when liquid is converted to gas

37
Q

what is transpiration

A

the release of water by plants through their leaves

38
Q

what is precipitation

A

water that returns from the atmosphere

39
Q

what is groundwater

A

when water soaks down through the soil and rock

40
Q

what is an aquifer

A

sponge like regions of rock and soil that are underground reservoirs of water

41
Q

what is a water table

A

the upper limit of groundwater held in an aquifer

42
Q

what is the carbon cycle

A

describes the route that carbon atoms take through the environment

APES (17 decks)

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