Unit 2 Test Review

Question 1

what is photosynthesis

Answer 1

when plants use sunlight to creat glucose

Question 2

what is respiration

Answer 2

when organisms release energy from food molecules and CO2 is released

Question 3

what is a sink in regard to the carbon cycle

Answer 3

long term reservoir of carbon

Question 4

how do humans impact the carbon cycle

Answer 4

by burning fossil fuels

Question 5

what is added to the atmoshphere as a result of combustion

Answer 5

greenhouse gasses

Question 6

which cycle has the most immediate affect on acid precipitation

Answer 6

sulfur cycle

Question 7

what is the process that adds phosphorus to aquatic ecosystems, causing dead zones

Answer 7

eutrophication

Question 8

what is the step in the nitrogen cycle where nitrogen gas is converted into ammonia by bacteria

Answer 8

nitrogen fixation

Question 9

what is the step in the nitrogen cycle that converts ammonium ions into nitrite and nitrates

Answer 9

nitrification

Question 10

what is the step in the nitrogen cycle where bacteria converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas

Answer 10

denitrification

Question 11

what is a water table

Answer 11

the upper limit of groundwater

Question 12

what is an aquifer

Answer 12

layers of rock and soil that hold ground water

Question 13

if an energy source is 20% efficient, what happens to the other 80 percent

Answer 13

it is converted to heat

Question 14

T or F: Trophic Cascade has a positive correlation among trophic levels

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what is a positive feed back loop

Answer 15

when a system is driven towards an extreme

Question 16

what is the law that states that total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time

Answer 16

second law of thermodynamics

Question 17

what are chemosynthetic bacteria classified as

Answer 17

producers

Question 18

how much energy aailable from the suns rays hitting the Earth is captured by producers

Answer 18

1%

Question 19

what biome is characterized as having permafrost

Answer 19

tundra

Question 20

If 10,000 Joules of energy is available in the first trophic level of an ecosystem, how much energy, in Joules, is available to tertiary consumers?

Answer 20

10 Joules

Question 21

what kind of diet would support a larger number of people for the same amount of land

Answer 21

a plant based diet

Question 22

Which group of organisms performs photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?

Answer 22

autotrophs

Question 23

what is each step in a food chain or web called

Answer 23

trophic level

Question 24

what law states that energy cant be created or destroyed

Answer 24

first law of thermodynamics

Question 25

what suggests that plant growth is limited by the energy that is availale to plants

Answer 25

Primary Productivity Hypothesis

Question 26

what is a population

Answer 26

members of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Question 27

what is a taiga

Answer 27

forests of cold climates high latitudes and high elevations

Question 28

what is a tropical rainforest

Answer 28

high biodiversity: massive trees and warm all year

Question 29

what is a savanna described as

Answer 29

warm year round- prolonged dry seasons, scattered trees, large grazing animals

Question 30

what is a tundra described as

Answer 30

low biodiversity, fragile ecosystem, long cold winters and permafrost

Question 31

what is a organisms

Answer 31

an individual living things

Question 32

what is a biotic fator

Answer 32

living or once living parts of an ecosystem

Question 33

what is an abiotic facotr

Answer 33

non living parts of an ecosystem

Question 34

what isa a community

Answer 34

many species that interact int he same environmetn

Question 35

After a severe drought, ecosystem X took 2 years to recover, but ecosystem Y took 10 years to recover. From this information, one may assume that ecosystem Y…

Answer 35

has a low resilience

Question 36

According to the Trophic Cascade Model, what would happen to the balsam fir (producer) and moose (herbivore) populations on Isle Royale if human hunting of wolves doubled?

Answer 36

fir would decrease, moose increase

Question 37

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year?

Answer 37

20,000

Question 38

what are two examples of carbon sinks

Answer 38

forests and oceans

Question 39

what is a process that indirectly removes carbon from the atmosphere

Answer 39

formation of carbonate deposits

Question 40

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of

Answer 40

an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

Question 41

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of their role in which of the following? (ecological benefit, not economic)

Answer 41

providing habitats for wildlife

Question 42

dissolved oxygen is decreased by the breakdown of what

Answer 42

organic waste

Question 43

what is it called when Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2)

Answer 43

denitrification

Question 44

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by

Answer 44

the second law of thermodynamics

Question 45

The graph above has a “zig-zag” appearance. The annula fluctuation in carbon dioxide concentration can best be explained by the

Answer 45

seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

Question 46

what is it called when ammonia is converted to nitrites then to nitrates

Answer 46

nitrification