Aquatic Biomes

Question 1

what is another name for deep water currents

Answer 1

thermohaline circulation (global conveyor belt)

Question 2

what are some things that contribute to ocean currents

Answer 2

prevailing winds, earths rotation, heat from sun, surface and deep currents

Question 3

what are the 5 major gyres on earth

Answer 3

North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, Indian

Question 4

what is the antarctic o0cean current called

Answer 4

Circumpolar Current

Question 5

what are surface currents drivenby

Answer 5

solar heating of water, Coriolis Effect

Question 6

where is the great pacific garbage patch

Answer 6

North Pacific Gyre

Question 7

how does the water in the Thermohaline Circulation move around

Answer 7

they are driven by density driven forces and gravity

Question 8

how long will it take for the conveyor belt to do one entire cycle

Answer 8

1000 years

Question 9

what is an upwelling

Answer 9

upward movement ofd water that brings cool and nutrient rich water to the surface

Question 10

what does ENSO stand for

Answer 10

el nino southern oscillation

Question 11

what is ENSO

Answer 11

periodic reversal in trade winds in the tropical pacific, causing change in surface water temps that supresses upwelling

Question 12

what is an estuary

Answer 12

mix of salt and fresh water

Question 13

what is a photic zone

Answer 13

area of shallow water that allows enough light to penetrate

Question 14

what is an aphotic zone

Answer 14

deep areas of water where no light is available

Question 15

what is an intertidal zone

Answer 15

portion of shoreline that is between high and low tides

Question 16

what is the districution of life dependent on

Answer 16

temp of water and light

Question 17

where is the photic zone

Answer 17

top 100-200 meters

Question 18

what are phytoplankton

Answer 18

photosynthetic algae that float on surface

Question 19

what are zooplankton

Answer 19

tiny heterotrophs

Question 20

how much of the ocean does the aphotic zone make up

Answer 20

90 percent of it

Question 21

what must organisms that live in the aphotic zone be adapted to

Answer 21

living in complete darkness and intense pressure

Question 22

what are some examples of interdial zones

Answer 22

rocky shores, sandy shores and barrier beaches

Question 23

what do barrier islands and sand dunes provide

Answer 23

protection against storm surge and high waves

Question 24

how much of all marine species do coral reefs make up

Answer 24

25 percent

Question 25

what causes coral bleaching

Answer 25

when the water becomes too hot or acidic

Question 26

what are the three zones in the open ocean

Answer 26

euphotic, bathayal, and abyssal zones

Question 27

what are some characteristics of the euphotic zone

Answer 27

phytoplankton, low nutrient levels, dissolved oxygen levels high

Question 28

what are some characteristics of the bathayal zone

Answer 28

dimly lit, zooplankton and smaller fish

Question 29

what are some characteristics of the abyssal zone

Answer 29

dark and cold, nutrient rich, little dissolved oxygen

Question 30

what do upwellings do

Answer 30

brings nutrients to euphotic zone

Question 31

what are nekton

Answer 31

strong swimmers

Question 32

what are benthos

Answer 32

bottom dwellers

Question 33

what does overfishing do to the ocean

Answer 33

leads to extreme scarcity of some fish species, reduces biodiversity, and impacts fishing industry

Question 34

what is bad about aquaculture

Answer 34

can lead to disease

Question 35

what is a watershed

Answer 35

region of land that drains into a river

Question 36

what are the four zones in a lake

Answer 36

littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic zones

Question 37

where is the littoral zone

Answer 37

near the shore where rooted plants grow

Question 38

where is the limnetic zone

Answer 38

open, sunlight area away from the shore

Question 39

where is the profundal zone

Answer 39

deep in the lake, too dark for photosynthesis

Question 40

what are wetlands

Answer 40

ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or neart the surface of the soil for part of the year

Question 41

what are salt marshes

Answer 41

temperate zone estuaries dominated by salt tolerant grasses

Question 42

how are estuaries formed

Answer 42

when river meets the se a

Question 43

what do seagrass beds do

Answer 43

support marine species, stabilizes sea bed, reduce wave impact

Question 44

what do mangrove forests do

Answer 44

reduce strom or tsunami impacts