Water and fluid balance

Question 1

What 4 fluids make up ECF?

Answer 1

blood plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph and transcellular fluid

Question 2

Which substances are found in highest concentration for extracellular and intracellular fluid?

Answer 2

ECF: Na+ ( sodium ions)
ICK: K+ ( potassium ions)

Question 3

What brain structure controls water intake and thrist?

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

What 5 substances contribute to water output?

Answer 4

urine
feces
sweat
evaporation from skin
the lungs during breathing

Question 5

List 4 causes of dehydration. List 4 causes of overhydration

Answer 5

Dehydration:
- Excessive perspiration
- Inadequate water consumption
- Repeated vomiting
- Diarrhea
overhydration:
- Ingestion of large volume of fresh water
– Injection of hypotonic solution into bloodstream
– Endocrine disorders
- inability to eliminate excess water in urine

Question 6

Understand the role of ADH, ANP, and aldosterone in water reabsorption.

Answer 6

ADH: Stimulates water conservation at kidneys
* Reducing urinary water loss
ANP: reduce thirst and is secreted by cardiac cells in response to abnormal stretching of heart walls.

Question 7

What determines blood pH?

Answer 7

Acid-base balance and regulation of hydrogen ions
- The more acid the solution, the lower its pH
-The more alkaline the solution, the higher its pH

Question 8

What are the sources of hydrogen in the blood?

Answer 8

carbonic acid
- lactic acid
- acidic ketone bodies
- sulfuric acid
- phosphoric acid

Question 9

What 3 ways helps maintain acid-base balance? Which control system occurs rapidly and which occurs slowly?

Answer 9

• Acid-base buffer systems (fast)
• Respiratory excretion of carbon dioxide (slow)
• Renal excretion of hydrogen ions (slow)

Question 10

What conditions lead to respiratory acidosis? Metabolic acidosis? Respiratory alkalosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 10

• respiratory acidosis: decreased gas exchange and accumulation of CO2.
• matabolic Acidosis: excessive loss of bases or accumulation of nonrespiratory acids.
• Respiratory alkalosis develops as a result of hyperventilation
  -Metabolic alkalosis results from a great loss of hydrogen ions or from a gain in bases ( increase in ph)