Exam 2 Cardiovascular Flashcards
The right and left ventricles pump blood to which areas of the body?
Right side receives oxygen-poor blood from
tissues
* Pumps to lungs to get rid of CO2, pick up O2, via
pulmonary circuit
Left side receives oxygenated blood from
lungs
* Pumps to body tissues via systemic circuit
What is the function of the papillary muscles? What are the chordae tendineae?
function: helping to prevent leakage through the AV valves during systole; anchor chordae tendineae
Chordae tendineae: strong, fibrous connections that Hold valve flaps in closed position
What three veins empty into the right atrium?
Superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
Know the locations of the AV valves and semilunar valves.
AV: tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral)
semilunar: pulmonary trunk and right ventricle
Know the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuit.
Receiving chambers of heart:
– Right atrium
* Receives blood returning from systemic circuit
– Left atrium
* Receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit
Pumping chambers of heart:
– Right ventricle
* Pumps blood through pulmonary circuit
– Left ventricle
* Pumps blood through systemic circuit
What is the function of the intercalated discs?
function: hold the adjacent cells together by providing sites of strong adhesion
anchor cardiac cells
Why are the action potential and contractile phase longer than skeletal muscle?
The heart tissue does not become fatigued (unlike skeletal muscle), allowing for continuous, life long contractions.
Electric signal pathway functions
SA node :(pacemaker)
AV node: electrical gatekeeper
AV bundle: connects the atria to the ventricles.
R/L bundle branches: conduct the impulses through the interventricular septum.
Purkinje fibers: electrical conduction
Know the path the electric impulse is carried through the heart: SA node, AV node, AV
bundle, R/L bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
SA node, AV node, AV
bundle, R/L bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Know the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic NS on the heart.
Sympathetic: increase rate and force
– Parasympathetic: decrease rate
Know the “sounds” of the heart:1st and 2nd
Two sounds (lub-dup) associated with
closing of heart valves
– First as AV valves close; beginning of systole
– Second as SL valves close; beginning of
ventricular diastole
– Pause indicates heart relaxation
Define CO, SV, and HR. How are they connected?
CO = heart rate (HR) × stroke volume (SV)
– HR = number of beats per minute
– SV = volume of blood pumped out by one
ventricle with each beat
* Normal – 5.25 L/min
What is the equation for stroke volume? EDV-ESV
SV = EDV – ESV
SV = stroke volume
EDV = end-diastolic volume
ESV = end-systolic volume
Define the three factors that affect stroke volume: preload, contractility, afterload.
Preload: degree of stretch of cardiac muscle
cells before they contract
Contractility: contractile strength at given
muscle length
Afterload: pressure ventricles must
overcome to eject blood
