Reproductive System

Question 1

Why is it important that the sex cells have only 23 chromosomes?

Answer 1

because this way when fertilization occurs, it will form one full diploid cell, which will then divide via mitosis to form a full organism.

Question 2

Know the contents of the spermatic cord (3)

Answer 2

ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves

Question 3

Define acrosome; what is its function?

Answer 3

a unique membranous organelle that aid in penetrating layers around oocyte during fertilization

Question 4

Know the male internal accessory organs (5)

Answer 4

• epididymides
• ductus deferens
• seminal vesicles
• prostate gland
• bulbourethral glands

Question 5

Know function of epididymides and ductus deferents and seminal vessels

Answer 5

epididymides: Tightly coiled tubes at top of each testis
(Promote maturation of sperm cells)
ductus deferens: transports sperm (Each extends from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct)
seminal vessels: Secrete alkaline fluid

Question 6

Know function of prostate gland and bulbourethral glands

Answer 6

prostate gland: Secretes a thin, milky, alkaline fluid
Secretion enhances sperm mobility
bulbourethral glands: Secrete mucus-like fluid

Question 7

Understand the possible problems due to the prostate gland surrounding the male urethra

Answer 7

inflammation (prostatitis), enlarged prostate (BPH, or benign prostatic hyperplasia), and prostate cancer

Question 8

Describe the contents of semen. Why is it alkaline?

Answer 8

• sperm cells
• slightly alkaline
• has nutrients
• contains prostaglandins
• secretions of seminal vesscles
  ( it is alkaline to help neutralzie the acidity of the vaginal tract)

Question 9

What is the function of the dartos muscle in the scrotum?

Answer 9

contracts and relaxes in response to temperature
changes to keep testes at optimal temperature for sperm production and survival

Question 10

Name the 2 types of erectile tissue in the penis.

Answer 10

corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum

Question 11

How does FSH affect follicle maturation?

Answer 11

At puberty, the anterior pituitary gland secretes increased amounts of FSH, and the ovaries enlarge in response

Question 12

List the 3 female internal accessory organs and their functions.

Answer 12

uterine rubes: site for fertilizaiton
uterus: receives and sustains embryo during development
vagina: conveys uterine secretions and provide an opening for offsprings

Question 13

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 13

fellopian tubes

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall and their functions?

Answer 14

• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium
  (protects the growing baby during pregnancy)

Question 15

List the 4 female external reproductive organs and their functions.

Answer 15

• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Vestibular glands