Water and Energy Flashcards
Intravascular fluid is located in the:
blood and lymph
Extracellular fluids include:
intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid
Major regulators of extracellular fluid:
kidneys
Electrolytes help to control:
the volume of water within the fluid compartments
movement of water is called:
osmosis
Extracellular fluid in osmosis:
Na+
Intracellular fluid in osmosis:
K+ (potassium)
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane:
osmosis
do substances like glucose, amino acids and ions move freely across membranes?
NO
Water moves toward where solutes are more;
concentrated
intracellular water volume depends largely on:
intracellular concentration of potassium ions.
extracellular water volume depends primarily on:
the extracellular concentration of sodium ions.
Each minute you produce about how much urine?
1mL
Kidneys can control what in urine?
the volume of urine and the amount of ions in urine
Kidneys can control what in urine?
the volume of urine and the amount of ions in urine
volume of blood pumped into systemic circulation per minute:
Cardiac output
how much Cardiac output do kidneys receive?
about 21%
The filtrate produced in Bowman’s capsule contains:
salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, and other small molecules
BMR of kidneys at rest:
10%
is the most energy demanding organ of your body:
the kidney
The pituitary gland releases:
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH stimulates the nephrons in the kidneys to:
produce less urine
Adrenal glands secrete:
aldosterone.
Aldosterone signals kidneys to reduce the
elimination of sodium in urine
Diuretic is a substance that increases:
urine production
Alcohol inhibits:
ADH secretion
Amount of metabolic water produced per day depends on your:
physical activity level
Perspiring (sweating) helps maintain normal body temperature because water can hold:
large amounts of heat.
Body cooling effect works only when sweat:
evaporates from the skin
Sweat absorbed by clothes does not:
cool
Sweat that drips does not:
cool
water intake
from beverages and foods:
Total water intake
The excess water dilutes the:
sodium concentration of blood
The excess water dilutes the:
sodium concentration of blood
Who’s at risk of water toxicity?
marathon runners and ecstasy users
3 fates for these triglycerides:
- Immediately used for energy
- Used to make lipid containing products
- Stored in muscle or adipose tissue
Adipose tissue is not an:
inert tissue
Adipose tissue is part of the:
endocrine organ system
Brown fat cells or brown adipose tissue (BAT), are specialized adipose cells that:
burn fat
Who has BAT?
babies
Human infants have deposits of BAT in their:
upper backs and abdomens
Metabolism is either:
anabolic or catabolic
Which metabolism pathways use small, simpler compounds
to build larger, more complex compounds:
Anabolic pathways
Which metabolism pathways break down compounds into small units:
Catabolic pathways
the potential energy stored in ATP is transformed into:
kinetic energy. The energy of motion.
ATP is synthesized from:
ADP and a phosphate
how many molecules of ATP consumed and regenerated/sec/cell?
10 million
how many molecules of ATP consumed and regenerated/sec/cell?
10 million
Thrifty gene theory:
babies that had not enough food in utero more likely to become obese
