Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 203 > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 major minerals?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Phosphorus
  3. Sodium
  4. Chloride
  5. Potassium
  6. Magnesium
  7. Sulphur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 trace minerals?

A
  • Iron

* Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Are Minerals?

A

• Inorganic substances other than water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are all minerals essential?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can minerals be synthesized by any organism?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can we synthesize minerals in the laboratory?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Inorganic structural components of bones and teeth:
A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dairy products are rich sources of bioavailable:

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meat is a rich source of bioavailable:

A

iron and zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Potassium, magnesium, and manganese are more plentiful in:

A

plant foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sources of minerals:

A
  1. food
  2. tap water
  3. dietary supplements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of water naturally contains calcium, sulphur, copper, iron, and zinc?

A

Hard water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is often added to public water supplies?

A

fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which water is treated water with sodium (Na+) as the only mineral?

A

Soft water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Water with high mineral content often tastes and smells

A

unpleasant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

iron deficiency:

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Iodide deficiency:

A

goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Calcium deficiency:

A

–osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Potassium deficiency:

A

high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

are minerals destructible?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

are minerals water soluble?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

extracellular fluid inside blood vessels is also known as?

A

intravascular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

extracellular fluid intercellular spaces is also known as?

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the most common mineral element in the human body?

A

CALCIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stored in bones as hydroxyapatite crystals:

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what help regulate blood calcium levels.?

A

the thyroid and the parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the thyroid and the parathyroid glands help control:

A

the activity of osteoclast and osteoblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bone cells that tear down bone tissue:

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

bone cells that add bone tissue.

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In response to falling blood calcium levels:

A

parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid

hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PTH stimulates the activation of:

A

vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

PTH signals

A

osteoclasts to release calcium from bones to enter the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In response to rising blood calcium levels:

A

The thyroid gland secretes the hormone

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

calcitonin:

A

– Inhibits the actions of vitamin DRegardless of one’s sex, loss of bone tissue begins in mid-adulthood after the age ofz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Regardless of one’s sex, loss of bone tissue begins in mid-adulthood after the age of

A

30

36
Q

Estrogen is a hormone that decreases:

A

osteoclast activity.

37
Q

After menopause = no more estrogen = osteoclast activity:

A

INCREASES

38
Q

Risk of osteoporosis is determined largely in your

A

twenties

39
Q

85% of Phosphorus (P) is stored in:

A

bones

40
Q

We’ve increased our consumption of phosphorus by 10-15%. Why?

A

it is in soft drinks to give it tarty taste

41
Q

About 50-60% of the magnesium in the body is found in:

A

bones

42
Q

But most people struggle to meet the RDA for:

A

magnesium

43
Q

is most of the sodium we consume from the salt shaker at home?

A

NO

44
Q

The Upper Level (UL) for sodium for adults is:

A

2300 mg per day

45
Q

Almost all the sodium consumed is absorbed in the:

A

intestinal tract

46
Q

Most sodium in the body is found in the:

A

intravascular compartment.

47
Q

what is attracted to ions, such as sodium, potassium, phosphate, and chloride ions?

A

WATER

48
Q

Overall, where ions go:

A

WATER FOLLOWS

49
Q

If you consume a lot of salt, you increase your:

A

blood pressure

50
Q

what is A “silent killer,”?

A

HYPERTENSION

51
Q

the maximum blood pressure within an artery:

A

systolic pressure

52
Q

the pressure in an artery when the heart is relaxed:

A

diastolic pressure

53
Q

which value is higher, the systolic pressure or the diastolic pressure?

A

SYSTOLIC

54
Q

The AI for sodium is:

A

1500mg/day

55
Q

The primary positively charged ion in the intracellular fluid:

A

Potassium (K)

56
Q

95% of the body’s potassium is found:

A

inside cells

57
Q

So if you eat real food… then potassium intake is:

A

probably close to the RDA.

58
Q

unlike sodium, potassium is associated with:

A

lower, rather than higher, blood pressure values.

59
Q

A natural way to counteract high sodium intakes is to consume foods naturally:

A

rich in potassium and low in sodium, such as fruits.

60
Q

• DASH diets:

A
  • Increase potassium intake
  • Increase magnesium intake
  • Reduce salt intake
61
Q

an ion in extracellular fluid:

A

chloride

62
Q

mineral that’s– Part of Hydrochloric acid (HCl):

A

Chloride

63
Q

which mineral is A component of the B-vitamins: thiamin and biotin?

A

Sulphur (sulphate)

64
Q

which mineral is A component of the amino acids: methionine and cysteine?

A

Sulphur (sulphate)

65
Q

which mineral is it that We have no EAR, RDA, AI or even UL!?

A

Sulphur (sulphate)

66
Q

the most common nutrient deficiency in the world:

A

iron!

67
Q

Everyday we produce how many new red blood cells

A

2 billion

68
Q

Iron is a component of:

A

hemoglobin & myoglobin

69
Q

oxygen-storing molecule in muscles:

A

myoglobin

70
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule provides how many binding sites.

A

four

71
Q

Gas exchange takes place in the:

A

air sacs at tips of bronchioles

72
Q

best enhancer of non-heme iron absorption:

A

Vitamin C

73
Q

compounds in plants bind to non-heme iron and make it unavailable:

A

chelators

74
Q

a key iron-binding protein:

A

ferretin

75
Q

The epithelial cells of the small intestine produce:

A

ferretin

76
Q

binds and stores iron, thereby preventing it from entering the bloodstream:

A

ferretin

77
Q

The amount of ferritin produced is in proportion to:

A

body iron stores

78
Q

Some iron is lost each day via the:

A

GI tract

79
Q

Iodide has a singular function:

A

the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

80
Q

• Functions of thyroid hormones:

A

– Regulate basal metabolic rate

81
Q

which has less iodine, sea salt or table salt?

A

SEA SALT HAS LESS

82
Q

what does chromium do?

A

possibly enhances the ability of insulin to take in glucose into your cells

83
Q

Zinc, copper and selenium all:

A

– Work as antioxidants.

– Component of enzymes

84
Q

selenium

– Lowers probability of some:

A

cancers

85
Q

Manganese:

A

• Carbohydrate metabolism

86
Q

Molybdenum:

A

• Involved in protein metabolism.

Biology 203 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions