Lecture 4

Question 1

visceral fat:

Answer 1

the fatty apron that covers the abdomen

Question 2

subcutaneous fat:

Answer 2

Insulates the body

Question 3

A fatty acid is:

Answer 3

a chain of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen atoms.

Question 4

Most lipids have ______ in their chemical structure:

Answer 4

fatty acids

Question 5

Short chain fatty acids are:

Answer 5

2 to 4 carbons long.

Question 6

Short chain fatty acids are short enough to be:

Answer 6

water soluble

Question 7

Medium chain fatty acid are:

Answer 7

6 to 12 carbons long

Question 8

Long chain fatty acid are:

Answer 8

14-24 carbons long

Question 9

A fatty acid with no double bonds is said to be:

Answer 9

saturated.

Question 10

A fatty acid with one or more double bonds is said to be:

Answer 10

unsaturated.

Question 11

MUFA have:

Answer 11

one double bond within the carbon chain.

Question 12

PUFA have :

Answer 12

two or more double bonds within the carbon chain

Question 13

Double bond causes a:

Answer 13

kink in the chain

Question 14

The carbon atom of the methyl group is considered the end of the molecule. This end is called:

Answer 14

omega (w).

Question 15

Two kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids are:

Answer 15

essential nutrients

Question 16

2 fatty acid essential nutrients:

Answer 16

omega 3 and omega 6

Question 17

Eicosanoids are crucial it seems at:

Answer 17

reducing your risk of heart disease.

Question 18

If the hydrogen atoms next to a double bond are on the same

side of the chain, this is called a:

Answer 18

cis configuration.

Question 19

if the hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides,

we call it a:

Answer 19

trans configuration

Question 20

With the exception of trans fat in butter, all trans fats are:

Answer 20

man made.

Question 21

the most common lipid found in our food:

Answer 21

Triglycerides

Question 22

(PUFA) turn rancid when:

Answer 22

deep-fried

Question 23

PUFA are more sensitive to deep frying because of:

Answer 23

multiple double bonds

Question 24

Rancid fat is a:

Answer 24

free radical

Question 25

Phospholipids

Chemically similar to a triglyceride, except one of the fatty acids is replaced by a:

Answer 25

compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen.

Question 26

Phospholipids are partially:

Answer 26

water soluble.

Question 27

Lecithin is a type of:

Answer 27

phospholipid

Question 28

Lecithin contains

Answer 28

choline.

Question 29

Lecithin is:

Answer 29

– The principle phospholipid of cell membranes

– Used by the liver to make bile

Question 30

the major phospholipid in egg yolks:

Answer 30

Lecithin

Question 31

Choline is Somewhat considered an

Answer 31

essential.

Question 32

Because phospholipids are partially soluble they act as:

Answer 32

emulsifiers

Question 33

Cholesterol does not provide:

Answer 33

energy

Question 34

Your body uses cholesterol to make:

Answer 34

1. Steroid Hormones
2. Vitamin D
3. Bile

Question 35

Lingual lipase:

Answer 35

digestion of fat in mouth

Question 36

gastric lipase:

Answer 36

Stomach — minor fat digestion occurs

Question 37

Bile is produced in the_____ and stored in the _____.

Answer 37

liver

gallbladder

Question 38

When fatty foods enter the small intestine, gallbladder is triggered to squirt:

Answer 38

bile into the small intestine

Question 39

• Bile contains:

Answer 39

Lecithin

Cholesterol

Salts

Question 40

Biledisperses large lipids into small globules called:

Answer 40

micelles.

Question 41

• At the end of lipid digestion we have:

Answer 41

– Monoglycerides and free fatty acids

– Phospholipids are also broken down

Question 42

Short and medium chain fatty acids enter:

Answer 42

directly into the blood stream via capillaries.

Question 43

A chylomicron is a:

Answer 43

lipoprotein

Question 44

lipoprotein:

Answer 44

– A type of protein that helps the body transport lipids

Question 45

Everything inside the chylomicron is:

Answer 45

non-polar

Question 46

4 types of lipoproteins:

Answer 46

chylomicrons

VLDL

LDL

HDL

Question 47

HDL commonly referred to as:

Answer 47

“good” cholesterol

Question 48

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) function:

Answer 48

Transports cholesterol away from dying cells including arterial plaques and brings it to the liver

Question 49

The liver uses this cholesterol to make:

Answer 49

bile.

Question 50

High blood levels of HDL are associated with low risk for:

Answer 50

CVD

Question 51

primary source of VLDLs

Answer 51

The liver

Question 52

VLDLs carry

Answer 52

triglycerides.

Question 53

Once VLDLs release their triglyceride load they become

Answer 53

LDLs

Question 54

Diets high in fat and sugar increase your production of:

Answer 54

VLDLs.

Question 55

LDL commonly referred to as:

Answer 55

“bad” cholesterol

Question 56

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels include:

Answer 56

• Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

* Stroke

Question 57

How do CVDs start?

Answer 57

it all begins with irritation to the arterial cell wall.

Question 58

the major initiator of CVD:

Answer 58

inflammation

Question 59

Heart attack, or myocardial infarction, is death of:

Answer 59

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 60

Stroke is death of:

Answer 60

nervous tissue in brain

Question 61

The portal vein returns bile to the liver, where compounds are recycled. This recycling is called:

Answer 61

enteropathic circulation

Question 62

A high fiber diet interferes with the absorption of:

Answer 62

cholesterol.

Question 63

People who cannot lower blood cholesterol after lifestyle modifications may require:

Answer 63

prescription drugs

Question 64

class of medications that interfere with liver’s metabolism of cholesterol, effectively reducing LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels:

Answer 64

Statins: