Lecture 4 Flashcards
visceral fat:
the fatty apron that covers the abdomen
subcutaneous fat:
Insulates the body
A fatty acid is:
a chain of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen atoms.
Most lipids have ______ in their chemical structure:
fatty acids
Short chain fatty acids are:
2 to 4 carbons long.
Short chain fatty acids are short enough to be:
water soluble
Medium chain fatty acid are:
6 to 12 carbons long
Long chain fatty acid are:
14-24 carbons long
A fatty acid with no double bonds is said to be:
saturated.
A fatty acid with one or more double bonds is said to be:
unsaturated.
MUFA have:
one double bond within the carbon chain.
PUFA have :
two or more double bonds within the carbon chain
Double bond causes a:
kink in the chain
The carbon atom of the methyl group is considered the end of the molecule. This end is called:
omega (w).
Two kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids are:
essential nutrients
2 fatty acid essential nutrients:
omega 3 and omega 6
Eicosanoids are crucial it seems at:
reducing your risk of heart disease.
If the hydrogen atoms next to a double bond are on the same
side of the chain, this is called a:
cis configuration.
if the hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides,
we call it a:
trans configuration
With the exception of trans fat in butter, all trans fats are:
man made.
the most common lipid found in our food:
Triglycerides
(PUFA) turn rancid when:
deep-fried
PUFA are more sensitive to deep frying because of:
multiple double bonds
Rancid fat is a:
free radical
Phospholipids
Chemically similar to a triglyceride, except one of the fatty acids is replaced by a:
compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen.
Phospholipids are partially:
water soluble.
Lecithin is a type of:
phospholipid
Lecithin contains
choline.
Lecithin is:
– The principle phospholipid of cell membranes
– Used by the liver to make bile
the major phospholipid in egg yolks:
Lecithin
Choline is Somewhat considered an
essential.
Because phospholipids are partially soluble they act as:
emulsifiers
Cholesterol does not provide:
energy
Your body uses cholesterol to make:
- Steroid Hormones
- Vitamin D
- Bile
Lingual lipase:
digestion of fat in mouth
gastric lipase:
Stomach — minor fat digestion occurs
Bile is produced in the_____ and stored in the _____.
liver
gallbladder
When fatty foods enter the small intestine, gallbladder is triggered to squirt:
bile into the small intestine
• Bile contains:
Lecithin
Cholesterol
Salts
Biledisperses large lipids into small globules called:
micelles.
• At the end of lipid digestion we have:
– Monoglycerides and free fatty acids
– Phospholipids are also broken down
Short and medium chain fatty acids enter:
directly into the blood stream via capillaries.
A chylomicron is a:
lipoprotein
lipoprotein:
– A type of protein that helps the body transport lipids
Everything inside the chylomicron is:
non-polar
4 types of lipoproteins:
chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL
HDL commonly referred to as:
“good” cholesterol
High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) function:
Transports cholesterol away from dying cells including arterial plaques and brings it to the liver
The liver uses this cholesterol to make:
bile.
High blood levels of HDL are associated with low risk for:
CVD
primary source of VLDLs
The liver
VLDLs carry
triglycerides.
Once VLDLs release their triglyceride load they become
LDLs
Diets high in fat and sugar increase your production of:
VLDLs.
LDL commonly referred to as:
“bad” cholesterol
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels include:
- Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
* Stroke
How do CVDs start?
it all begins with irritation to the arterial cell wall.
the major initiator of CVD:
inflammation
Heart attack, or myocardial infarction, is death of:
cardiac muscle tissue
Stroke is death of:
nervous tissue in brain
The portal vein returns bile to the liver, where compounds are recycled. This recycling is called:
enteropathic circulation
A high fiber diet interferes with the absorption of:
cholesterol.
People who cannot lower blood cholesterol after lifestyle modifications may require:
prescription drugs
class of medications that interfere with liver’s metabolism of cholesterol, effectively reducing LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels:
Statins:
