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Biology 203 > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

Proteins are __________ organic molecules

A

complex

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2
Q

How are proteins Chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates?

A

they contain carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

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3
Q

What is the difference between protein, lipids and carbohydrates?

A

protein is 16% nitrogen

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4
Q

Human body contains ~?

A

100 000 different proteins

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5
Q

__________ are the building blocks of protein?

A

amino acids

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6
Q

One major difference between proteins and the other macronutrients is:

A

our DNA provides the blueprint on how to build proteins in our body

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7
Q

Unlike carbs and fat, the body can:

A

break down protein that is no longer needed and recycle them

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8
Q

RBCs live for how long?

A

3-4 months

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9
Q

The cells lining the small intestine have a _____ life-span.

A

3-6 day

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10
Q

Amino acids are a carbon atom to which three groups are added:

A

an amino group (-NH2)
a carboxyl group (-COOH)
a functional group (R)

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11
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there?

A

20

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12
Q

What gives amino acids their chemical identity?

A

The functional group (R)

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13
Q

How many amino acids are essential?

A

9 out of the 20

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14
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

A 
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
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15
Q

Primary proteins:

A

Sequence of amino acids along the polypeptide

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16
Q

Secondary proteins:

A

Initial folding of polypeptide

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17
Q

Tertiary proteins:

A

Globular 3-D structure. Often the final structure.

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18
Q

Quaternary proteins:

A

Several polypeptides bind to form the final protein. Shown here is hemoglobin (4 polypeptides).

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19
Q

Polypeptide =

A

a string of amino acids

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20
Q

Proteins often have a globular:

A

3D shape

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21
Q

Enzymes are

A

proteins

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22
Q

Proteins work as:

A

carriers

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23
Q

Hemoglobin is a protein found inside

A

red blood cells

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24
Q

Transport proteins are embedded within

A

cell membranes

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25
Q

Changes to the environment of the protein may cause it

to:

A

unfold or denature

26
Q

Increased temperature or lowering the pH affects:

A

hydrogen bonding

27
Q

Broken hydrogen bonds causes the protein to:

A

unfold

28
Q

A denatured protein is:

A

inactive

29
Q

The body makes protein by:

A

following information coded in DNA

30
Q

DNA supplies the instructions for:

A

making protein

31
Q

How much percent of your genes code for protein?

A

90%

32
Q

Proteins determine:

A

the structure and function of cells

33
Q

To make a protein, you would follow directions for connecting the different amino acids in a:

A

specific order and length

34
Q

A healthy human body can make how many of the amino acids?

A

11 of the 20 amino acids

35
Q

Where is the main site of non-essential amino acid production?

A

the liver

36
Q

protein that works to maintain the proper distribution of fluids in blood and body tissues?

A

Albumin

37
Q

blood capillaries are

A

leaky tubes

38
Q

Albumin is a large protein that is:

A

trapped inside the blood vessels

39
Q

The presence of albumin, inside the blood capillaries:

A

draws water back into the capillaries.

40
Q

extracellular spaces is also known as:

A

interstitial space

41
Q

The resulting accumulation of fluid in tissues is called

A

edema

42
Q

To function properly, blood and tissue fluids need to maintain a pH of:

A

7.35 to 7.45.

43
Q

Antibodies bind to

A

pathogens

44
Q

The key structural proteins are:

A

collagen and keratin

45
Q

collagen and keratin constitute more than

A

a third of body protein.

46
Q

Bone is made mostly of

A

collagen

47
Q

Keratin is in:

A

outer layer of skin, hair

and nails

48
Q

Muscle fibers are composed of:

A

protein

49
Q

Some proteins act as chemical messengers. Also known as:

A

hormones

50
Q

proteins that act as hormones:

A

Insulin and glucagon

51
Q

which enzyme digests proteins into

smaller polypeptides?

A

Pepsin

52
Q

The continual breaking down and recycling of protein is known as:

A

protein turnover

53
Q

Protein turnover, allows the body to adapt to:

A

periods of growth (e.g. childhood)

54
Q

Urinary elimination of nitrogen is in the form of:

A

urea

55
Q

When the body is in a state of

– positive nitrogen balance:

A

it retains more nitrogen than it loses.

56
Q

examples of positive nitrogen balance:

A

Resistance exercise
• Lactating,pregnant
• Recovery from illness

57
Q

protein can be used as energy through

A

deamination

58
Q

the process of mixing incomplete plant-based protein sources to provide all essential amino acids without adding animal proteins:

A

Protein complementation

59
Q

Food allergens are:

A

proteins

60
Q

8 foods account for 90% of all food allergies:

A

peanuts, tree nuts , milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat

61
Q

severe allergic reaction =

A

anaphylaxis

62
Q

which allergies are not outgrown?

A

nuts, seafood, and wheat

Biology 203 (9 decks)

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