Proteins Flashcards
Proteins are __________ organic molecules
complex
How are proteins Chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates?
they contain carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
What is the difference between protein, lipids and carbohydrates?
protein is 16% nitrogen
Human body contains ~?
100 000 different proteins
__________ are the building blocks of protein?
amino acids
One major difference between proteins and the other macronutrients is:
our DNA provides the blueprint on how to build proteins in our body
Unlike carbs and fat, the body can:
break down protein that is no longer needed and recycle them
RBCs live for how long?
3-4 months
The cells lining the small intestine have a _____ life-span.
3-6 day
Amino acids are a carbon atom to which three groups are added:
an amino group (-NH2)
a carboxyl group (-COOH)
a functional group (R)
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
What gives amino acids their chemical identity?
The functional group (R)
How many amino acids are essential?
9 out of the 20
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine
Primary proteins:
Sequence of amino acids along the polypeptide
Secondary proteins:
Initial folding of polypeptide
Tertiary proteins:
Globular 3-D structure. Often the final structure.
Quaternary proteins:
Several polypeptides bind to form the final protein. Shown here is hemoglobin (4 polypeptides).
Polypeptide =
a string of amino acids
Proteins often have a globular:
3D shape
Enzymes are
proteins
Proteins work as:
carriers
Hemoglobin is a protein found inside
red blood cells
Transport proteins are embedded within
cell membranes
Changes to the environment of the protein may cause it
to:
unfold or denature
Increased temperature or lowering the pH affects:
hydrogen bonding
Broken hydrogen bonds causes the protein to:
unfold
A denatured protein is:
inactive
The body makes protein by:
following information coded in DNA
DNA supplies the instructions for:
making protein
How much percent of your genes code for protein?
90%
Proteins determine:
the structure and function of cells
To make a protein, you would follow directions for connecting the different amino acids in a:
specific order and length
A healthy human body can make how many of the amino acids?
11 of the 20 amino acids
Where is the main site of non-essential amino acid production?
the liver
protein that works to maintain the proper distribution of fluids in blood and body tissues?
Albumin
blood capillaries are
leaky tubes
Albumin is a large protein that is:
trapped inside the blood vessels
The presence of albumin, inside the blood capillaries:
draws water back into the capillaries.
extracellular spaces is also known as:
interstitial space
The resulting accumulation of fluid in tissues is called
edema
To function properly, blood and tissue fluids need to maintain a pH of:
7.35 to 7.45.
Antibodies bind to
pathogens
The key structural proteins are:
collagen and keratin
collagen and keratin constitute more than
a third of body protein.
Bone is made mostly of
collagen
Keratin is in:
outer layer of skin, hair
and nails
Muscle fibers are composed of:
protein
Some proteins act as chemical messengers. Also known as:
hormones
proteins that act as hormones:
Insulin and glucagon
which enzyme digests proteins into
smaller polypeptides?
Pepsin
The continual breaking down and recycling of protein is known as:
protein turnover
Protein turnover, allows the body to adapt to:
periods of growth (e.g. childhood)
Urinary elimination of nitrogen is in the form of:
urea
When the body is in a state of
– positive nitrogen balance:
it retains more nitrogen than it loses.
examples of positive nitrogen balance:
Resistance exercise
• Lactating,pregnant
• Recovery from illness
protein can be used as energy through
deamination
the process of mixing incomplete plant-based protein sources to provide all essential amino acids without adding animal proteins:
Protein complementation
Food allergens are:
proteins
8 foods account for 90% of all food allergies:
peanuts, tree nuts , milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat
severe allergic reaction =
anaphylaxis
which allergies are not outgrown?
nuts, seafood, and wheat
