Warts and Verrucas & Corns and Calluses Flashcards

1
Q

What causes warts and verrucas?

A

human papilloma virus (HPV)

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2
Q

What are symptoms of warts and verrucas?

A
Raised lesions with a roughened surface 
Plantar warts (verrucas) occur on the weight-bearing areas of the sole and heel. 

Warts have a network of capillaries and these may be visible as black dots

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3
Q

When do symptoms disappear?

A

naturally within 6 months to 2 years

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4
Q

Where are warts normally found?

A

hands, fingers, knees either single or in crops

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5
Q

Where are verrucas found?

A

soles of the feet, weight bearing areas

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6
Q

When to refer?

A
  1. Facial warts
  2. Change in appearance (size&colour) of a wart - may suggest skin cancer
  3. Bleeding
  4. Itching
  5. Genital warts
  6. Immunocompromised pts
  7. No significant improvement within 3 months of OTC tx
  8. Diabetics
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7
Q

What are tx options for warts and verrucas?

A
  1. Salicylic acid softens and destroys skin, therefore aiding the removal of infected tissue
    - Lactic acid is an antimicrobial keratolytic that enhances availability of salicylic acid
  2. Cryotherapy OTC products have little evidence supporting their use but can be tried and the wart should come away in about 10 days
  3. Duct tape is comparable to OTC cryotherapy in effectiveness
  4. Glutaraldehyde
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8
Q

What counselling points can be given so that treatment works more effectively?

A

Soak the affected hand or foot in warm water for 5-10 minutes
Remove dead skin with the use of a pumice stone or emery board
Avoid transferring infection by exposing others to the skin of the infected site

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9
Q

What salicylic acid preps have age restrictions and what are they?

A

Compound W = >6 years

Bazuka Extra Strength = >2 years

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10
Q

What salicylic acid and lactic acid preps have age restrictions and what are they?

A

Bazuka >2 years

Duofilm >2 years

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11
Q

Name other salicylic acid preps.

A

Occlusal
Verrugon
Wartex

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12
Q

Name other salicylic acid and lactic acid preps

A
  • Cuplex
  • Salactol
  • Salatac
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13
Q

What is the OTC name for glutaldehyde?

A

Glutarol

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14
Q

What are the main side effects of the wart and verruca preparation?

A

Local irritation

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15
Q

How can you differentiate from a corn or verruca?

A

remove the top layer of the skin - if black spots are visible this is a verruca, if not, thi indicates a corn

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16
Q

What is the length of the tx?

A

usually 3mnths -slow process

17
Q

Whats the difference between bazuka and bazuka extra?

A

extra has a high content of salicylic acid but doesn’t mean its more efficacious

18
Q

Which pts should you NOT recommended treatment?

A

diabetics

19
Q

How do corns and calluses form?

A

friction and intermittent pressure against one of the boney prominences of the feet - causing hyperkeratoses (excessive skin growth of the shoe and the foot)

20
Q

What are clinical features of corns?

A

Central core of hard grey skin surrounded by a painful, raised, yellow ring of inflammatory skin

21
Q

What are clinical features of calluses?

A

flattened, yellow-white thickened skin

burning sensation, resulting from fissuring of the callus

22
Q

What tx options is offered for the removal of corns and calluses?

A

metatarsal pads relieves weight off the callus and so reduce stress on the plantar skin

or same meds for warts and verrucas