Cradle Cap & Nappy Rash & Fever

Question 1

What is Cradle Cap?

Answer 1

Infantile Seborrhoeic Dematitis

Question 2

What are the symptoms of cradle cap?

Answer 2

1. Seen on scalp - face and napkin area
2. Scales are yellow-brown in colour, and are large and greasy
3. Other areas may appear red
4. Rash is confluent and itching is relatively mild if at all

Question 3

What tx is available for cradle cap?

Answer 3

1. Regularly wash scalp with baby shampoo and brush with soft brush to loosen scales
2. Can oil scalp and gently brush to soften scales followed by shampooing
3. Ketonazole 2% shampoo twice a week - Dentinox cradle cap

Dentinox Cradle Cap, Olive Oil BP

Question 4

What age does cradle cap occur?

Answer 4

infancy before the age of 6 months and is usually self-limiting

Question 5

What is a Nappy Rash?

Answer 5

Erythematous rash on the buttocks area - can also effect the lower abdomen and upper thighs

Question 6

How is Nappy Rash caused?

Answer 6

excessive heat and moisture combined with the effect of facael and urinary enzymes when in prolonged contact with skin

Question 7

When to refer a baby with a nappy rash?

Answer 7

1. Yellow crusts or weeping (indicate bacterial infection)
2. Broken Skin
3. Symptoms for longer than 2 weeks
4. Concomitant symptoms of thrush in the nappy area or oral thrush
5. Other body areas affected by rashes

Question 8

What treatment is available for babies with nappy rash?

Answer 8

1. Satellite papules (small, red lesions) can indicate a fungal infection and can be treated with an azole antifungal (clotrimazole)
2. Dimeticone is a water repellent contained in some preparations
3. Zinc is a soothing agent
4. Lanolin is an effective emollient to hydrate skin
5. Castor oil/cod liver oil provides a water-resistant barrier

Question 9

What are counselling points given to pts with nappy rash?

Answer 9

frequent changing of nappies, leaving nappies off and thorough cleansing at each nappy change is vital

Question 10

What are clinical signs of a fever?

Answer 10

child with a fever will generally be irritable, off their food and seek greater parental attention
Facial flushing
shivering

Question 11

What conditions can be associated with fever?

Answer 11

1. UTIs
2. URTIs
3. Medicine-induced fever - penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides, TCA,s anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory meds
4. Meningitis
5. Pneumonia
6. Glandular fever

Question 12

When would you refer of fever?

Answer 12

1. If a child is under 3 months
2. Fever accompanied with no other symptoms
3. Fever of 5 days or longer
4. Stiff neck
5. febrile convulsions/seizures
6. signs of dehydration

Question 13

What condition could a child possibly have if it presents with the following:

1. Cough, cold, sore throat
2. Fatigue, lymph node enlargement
3. if no other symptoms present?

Answer 13

1. URTI
2. Glandular fever
3. bacterial infection often could be a UTI

Question 14

What OTC tx should be used to reduce fever?

Answer 14

Paracetamol - Calpol

Ibuprofen - Nurofen, Calprofen

Question 15

At what age can you give paracetamol and ibuprofen?

Answer 15

over 3 months

Question 16

What are side effects that can occur with ibuprofen?

Answer 16

GI disturbances

Question 17

What are counselling advice you can give a parent for a child with fever?

Answer 17

Drink plenty of fluids because fever will cause someone to sweat more than usual