Warfare and British Society In 18th And 19th Centuries Flashcards
How did the nature of warfare change in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Wars became more global
Trench warfare was introduced
Armies Grew alot
Explain how the composition of the army was similar in the 1900s compared to the 1700.
Lower class men made the majority
Seeked for shelter, food and pay
What didn’t change from the medieval times to the 18th and 19th centuries regarding warfare?
There was still pitched battles
Sieges
Naval warfare
What are some weapon improvements that were introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Rifled muskets
Percussion caps
Deadlier explosives
Why did rifled muskets replace smoothbore muskets and matchlock muskets in the 18th and 19th centuries?
They were more accurate and had longer ranges
How did percussion caps improve weapons in the 18th and 19th centuries?
They made guns more accurate and faster to reload
Why did tactics change so slowly in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Generals were slow to adapt as they were used to old tactics
Why did the use of cavalry abolish in the 18th and 19th centuries?
They couldn’t charged against accurate rifle fire
How did the revolution of Transportation improve wars?
Railways moved troops and supplies very fast
Steam ships transported soldiers globally
The telegraph and other newspapers sent messages in minutes
How were soldiers recruited in the 18th and 19th centuries?
On a volunteer basis - no force
Why did poor men volunteer mostly for the army in the 18th and 19th centuries?
The army provided
Pay
Food and shelter
How did civilian opinion about war change in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Since newspapers informed them on wars, they pressed for better conditions for soilders
This led to improved army health and nationalism
Why were medical care and conditions so poor in the 18th and 19th centuries?
There were no antibiotics to kill infections
Poor hygiene
Dirty hospitals
Lack of doctors
What did Florence Nightingale introduce during the Crimean War 1853-56?
Proper sanitation
Diet changes
Why was florence nightingale so significant during the Crimean War 1853-56?
She reduced the death rate massively (42% to 2%) and reformed British Military medicine
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What was the Crimean War 1853-1856?
A war between Russia Vs Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire
Why was the fighting style so significant in the Crimean War 1853-56?
It was the First war with modern technology (trains, news, explosives)
Why did the Crimean War lead to so much deaths?
Soldiers faced poor conditions: poor supplies, extreme weather, disease
Commanders used out dated tactics paired with deadly explosives - killiing them and opponents
How did reporters and photographers have and impact on the Crimean War 1853-56?
They exposed incompetent leadership, high rates of death and lack of medical supplies
The british public demanded for change which decreased morale for war
Who was involved in The Battle of Waterloo 1815?
England and Prussia vs the French
What was the motive for The Battle of Waterloo 1815?
Napoleon had escaped exile and returned to power
Th rest of Europe wanted to stop him
What actually Happen in The Battle of Waterloo 1815?
Napoleon attacked the British at Waterloo, Belgium
The English strong tactics and discipline defeated the French
What formation did the British use in The Battle of Waterloo 1815?
Square formations to resist Cavalry
