The Development of The Civil Rights Movement 1954-60

Question 1

What were the ‘Jim Crow Laws’ in 1876?

Answer 1

Laws that legally segregated Black and White Americans

Question 2

What does the Jim Crow Laws 1876 suggest?

Answer 2

Black and White people should be deemed ‘seperate but equal’

Question 3

What consequences would Black people face if they used toilets, buildings and bus seats?

Answer 3

They could be evicted, fined or arrested

Question 4

Why was it difficult for black people to vote?

Answer 4

black people were often given more difficult literacy tests to make them fail

Poll tax was too expensive

Question 5

What did most states require citizens to do, to vote?

Answer 5

They needed to pass a literacy test to register to vote

Question 6

What was the the ‘grandfather clause’?

Answer 6

If white people fail a test they can still vote if their grandfather was registered

Question 7

Why could most black americans stuggle to vote even when they passed the hard literacy test?

Answer 7

You need to pay a poll tax which was too expensive as black people had low paying jobs

Question 8

White people often believed black people were _________ to them

Answer 8

Inferior

Question 9

What does the NAACP of 1909 stand for?

Answer 9

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

Question 10

What was the main objective or the NAACP?

Answer 10

To overrule the Plessy Vs Ferguson and jim crow laws

Question 11

What does CORE of 1942 stand for?

Answer 11

The Congress of Racial Equality

Question 12

What was CORE’s main objective?

Answer 12

To use non violence to end segregation

Question 13

How did the NAACP try and support black people?

Answer 13

Fought legal cases for black people
Established the Legal Defence Fund to help balck people who were wrongly convicted of crimes

Question 14

How did CORE try and support black people?

Answer 14

They used boycotts, pickets and sit ins to gain publicty

Question 15

What is thr main difference between NAACP and CORE?

Answer 15

CORE was not as known as NAACP
NAACP operated mostly in the north
CORE was mostly white members

Question 16

What was ‘reconstruction’ after the american civil war in the 1860s?

Answer 16

When northern states aimed to change political and economic systems in the southern states

Question 17

What changes did reconstruction lead to?

Answer 17

Formerly enslaved black americans had a right to have US citizenship
Voting rights for Black Americans

Question 18

Why was reconstruction unseuccessful?

Answer 18

The state governments took the rights and freedoms away

Question 19

Whats the difference between a federal government making a law and a state government making a law?

Answer 19

Federal - laws enforced nationally
State - laws enforced locally

Question 20

What are some examples the Jim Crow Laws initiated?

Answer 20

Seperate facilities like toilets for blacks and whites
Black students cant attend white schools
Limits on where a black person can live

Question 21

What was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?

Answer 21

A violent and secret organisation that believed in white supremacy

Question 22

Why was the KKK so powerful?

Answer 22

When black people opened a case, the judge was ussually white and was biased

Question 23

What does lynching mean?

Answer 23

Executing without a law order

Question 24

What are some actions of the KKK against black people?

Answer 24

Burning crosses
Lynching
intimidating them to prevent them from voting

Question 25

How were black activist (black people who supported the civil rights movement) treated?

Answer 25

Faced extreme violence

Question 26

Who was the black activist, George Lee?

Answer 26

A black voter in missispi who refused to fgive up his right to vote. He was shot in his car and authorities ruled it as accidental

Question 27

Who was Emmet till?

Answer 27

A 14 year old African American who was accused of harrasing a local whote woman in thr store

Question 28

What happened to Emmet Til in 1955?

Answer 28

He was kidnapped, mutilated and shot. His body was found in anriver

Question 29

What happened to the kidnappers of Emmet Till?

Answer 29

They were arrested. The uncle identified them as the kidnappers but were found not guilty by the all white judge

Question 30

What was the significance of Tills Mother holding an open casket funeral?

Answer 30

A huge national audience was aware of the violence and discrimation black people faced

Question 31

What was the Brown Vs Board of Education of Topeka case in 1957?

Answer 31

A case raised due to how black students were unable to attend nearby schools because of the colour of their skin

Question 32

What did the court decide about the Brown Vs Board of Education Of Topeka case in 1957?

Answer 32

The 'seprate but equal' rule did not work in public education

Question 33

What was the local whote reaction to The Brown vs Topeka decision?

Answer 33

They were shocked and many joined the KKK

Question 34

How did Marshall, on behalf of the browns, agure that segregation in schools was wrong

Answer 34

He used arguements supported by psychologists that segregation created a feeling of inferioritydemotivated black students to learn

Question 35

Why was Brown vs Topeka not completely successful?

Answer 35

Racism could not be abolished over night Court did not set a timescale for it to happen

Question 36

What was the long term significance of the Brown Vs Topeka case?

Answer 36

It was the beginning of the end of 'seperate but equal' Maked the beginning of desgregation Supreme court was supporting balcks for the first time

Question 37

What was the little rock nine

Question 38

What was the little rock 9?

Answer 38

Where 9 black students attempted to intergrate with a white school

Question 39

What did the little rock nine face when they arrived at the school?

Answer 39

White mobs threatened the students with violence

Question 40

Why did the little rock 9 gain attention?

Answer 40

Events of white violence were broadcasted internationally which harmed US reputation.

Question 41

Because the little rock 9 incident was harming US reputation, How didnPresedent Eisenhower respond?

Answer 41

He sent in federal troops and ordered the state troops to protect the black students rather than block them

Question 42

After 3 weeks, the little rock 9 successfully were able to attend school. Was this the end?

Answer 42

They still had to be protected by soilders most of the year. They still face bullying and racism from white students

Question 43

Why was Rosa Parks Arrested in 1955?

Answer 43

She refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger

Question 44

What did the NAACP and WPC decide to organise on the day of Rosa Parks trial?

Answer 44

A city bus boycott

Question 45

Why was the Motgomery bus boycott significant to the city?

Answer 45

70% of bus riders were black Bus companies lost 3000 dollars of revenue each day

Question 46

Who was the Montogomery Bus Boycott led by?

Answer 46

Martin Luther King

Question 47

Since blacks used public transport as their main source of travel it was hard for them to commit to the Montogomery Bus Boycott. What made things easier?

Answer 47

The MIA set up car pools and black taxi drivers to be a replacement

Question 48

How did authorities make the Montogomery Bus Boycott difficult for black people?

Answer 48

Leaders like MLK were violent attacked - had their homes bombed Car pools were fined with made up offences like driving too slow

Question 49

How did the Bus Boycott become a success?

Answer 49

People around USA supported it. Compared it to degregation in schools at court