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GCSE History > The Development of The Civil Rights Movement 1954-60 > Flashcards

The Development of The Civil Rights Movement 1954-60 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the ‘Jim Crow Laws’ in 1876?

A

Laws that legally segregated Black and White Americans

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2
Q

What does the Jim Crow Laws 1876 suggest?

A

Black and White people should be deemed ‘seperate but equal’

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3
Q

What consequences would Black people face if they used toilets, buildings and bus seats?

A

They could be evicted, fined or arrested

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4
Q

Why was it difficult for black people to vote?

A

black people were often given more difficult literacy tests to make them fail

Poll tax was too expensive

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5
Q

What did most states require citizens to do, to vote?

A

They needed to pass a literacy test to register to vote

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6
Q

What was the the ‘grandfather clause’?

A

If white people fail a test they can still vote if their grandfather was registered

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7
Q

Why could most black americans stuggle to vote even when they passed the hard literacy test?

A

You need to pay a poll tax which was too expensive as black people had low paying jobs

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8
Q

White people often believed black people were _________ to them

A

Inferior

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9
Q

What does the NAACP of 1909 stand for?

A

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

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10
Q

What was the main objective or the NAACP?

A

To overrule the Plessy Vs Ferguson and jim crow laws

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11
Q

What does CORE of 1942 stand for?

A

The Congress of Racial Equality

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12
Q

What was CORE’s main objective?

A

To use non violence to end segregation

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13
Q

How did the NAACP try and support black people?

A

Fought legal cases for black people
Established the Legal Defence Fund to help balck people who were wrongly convicted of crimes

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14
Q

How did CORE try and support black people?

A

They used boycotts, pickets and sit ins to gain publicty

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15
Q

What is thr main difference between NAACP and CORE?

A

CORE was not as known as NAACP
NAACP operated mostly in the north
CORE was mostly white members

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16
Q

What was ‘reconstruction’ after the american civil war in the 1860s?

A

When northern states aimed to change political and economic systems in the southern states

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17
Q

What changes did reconstruction lead to?

A

Formerly enslaved black americans had a right to have US citizenship
Voting rights for Black Americans

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18
Q

Why was reconstruction unseuccessful?

A

The state governments took the rights and freedoms away

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19
Q

Whats the difference between a federal government making a law and a state government making a law?

A

Federal - laws enforced nationally
State - laws enforced locally

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20
Q

What are some examples the Jim Crow Laws initiated?

A

Seperate facilities like toilets for blacks and whites
Black students cant attend white schools
Limits on where a black person can live

21
Q

What was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?

A

A violent and secret organisation that believed in white supremacy

22
Q

Why was the KKK so powerful?

A

When black people opened a case, the judge was ussually white and was biased

23
Q

What does lynching mean?

A

Executing without a law order

24
Q

What are some actions of the KKK against black people?

A

Burning crosses
Lynching
intimidating them to prevent them from voting

25
Q

How were black activist (black people who supported the civil rights movement) treated?

A

Faced extreme violence

26
Q

Who was the black activist, George Lee?

A

A black voter in missispi who refused to fgive up his right to vote.
He was shot in his car and authorities ruled it as accidental

27
Q

Who was Emmet till?

A

A 14 year old African American who was accused of harrasing a local whote woman in thr store

28
Q

What happened to Emmet Til in 1955?

A

He was kidnapped, mutilated and shot. His body was found in anriver

29
Q

What happened to the kidnappers of Emmet Till?

A

They were arrested. The uncle identified them as the kidnappers but were found not guilty by the all white judge

30
Q

What was the significance of Tills Mother holding an open casket funeral?

A

A huge national audience was aware of the violence and discrimation black people faced

31
Q

What was the Brown Vs Board of Education of Topeka case in 1957?

A

A case raised due to how black students were unable to attend nearby schools because of the colour of their skin

32
Q

What did the court decide about the Brown Vs Board of Education Of Topeka case in 1957?

A

The ‘seprate but equal’ rule did not work in public education

33
Q

What was the local whote reaction to The Brown vs Topeka decision?

A

They were shocked and many joined the KKK

34
Q

How did Marshall, on behalf of the browns, agure that segregation in schools was wrong

A

He used arguements supported by psychologists that segregation created a feeling of inferioritydemotivated black students to learn

35
Q

Why was Brown vs Topeka not completely successful?

A

Racism could not be abolished over night
Court did not set a timescale for it to happen

36
Q

What was the long term significance of the Brown Vs Topeka case?

A

It was the beginning of the end of ‘seperate but equal’
Maked the beginning of desgregation
Supreme court was supporting balcks for the first time

37
Q

What was the little rock nine

A
38
Q

What was the little rock 9?

A

Where 9 black students attempted to intergrate with a white school

39
Q

What did the little rock nine face when they arrived at the school?

A

White mobs threatened the students with violence

40
Q

Why did the little rock 9 gain attention?

A

Events of white violence were broadcasted internationally which harmed US reputation.

41
Q

Because the little rock 9 incident was harming US reputation, How didnPresedent Eisenhower respond?

A

He sent in federal troops and ordered the state troops to protect the black students rather than block them

42
Q

After 3 weeks, the little rock 9 successfully were able to attend school. Was this the end?

A

They still had to be protected by soilders most of the year. They still face bullying and racism from white students

43
Q

Why was Rosa Parks Arrested in 1955?

A

She refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger

44
Q

What did the NAACP and WPC decide to organise on the day of Rosa Parks trial?

A

A city bus boycott

45
Q

Why was the Motgomery bus boycott significant to the city?

A

70% of bus riders were black
Bus companies lost 3000 dollars of revenue each day

46
Q

Who was the Montogomery Bus Boycott led by?

A

Martin Luther King

47
Q

Since blacks used public transport as their main source of travel it was hard for them to commit to the Montogomery Bus Boycott.
What made things easier?

A

The MIA set up car pools and black taxi drivers to be a replacement

48
Q

How did authorities make the Montogomery Bus Boycott difficult for black people?

A

Leaders like MLK were violent attacked - had their homes bombed
Car pools were fined with made up offences like driving too slow

49
Q

How did the Bus Boycott become a success?

A

People around USA supported it.
Compared it to degregation in schools at court

GCSE History (16 decks)

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