Cold War Crises 1958-70

Question 1

Why was tension created between Cuba and the USA in 1959?

Answer 1

Fidel Castro, the new leader of Cuba was a nationalist and did not want his country ro be under American control

Question 2

Why did tension escalate between Cuba and the USA after Fidel Castro become leader?

Answer 2

US refused to provide economic aid unless Cuba followed guidelines
Cuban government took control over all land owned by foreign nationals
Castro appointed a communist government

Question 3

Eisenhower reduced the amount of sugar the USA would buy from Cuba.
Why was this so significant

Answer 3

Sugar was Cuba’s main export and the USA was an important investor

Question 4

Which President of America replaced Eisenhower?

Answer 4

President John F Kennedy

Question 5

What did JF Kennedy and the CIA plan to otherthrow Cuba?

Answer 5

To train Cuban exiles so they can otherthrow Cuba

Question 6

Why did JF Kennedy and the CIA want to use cuban exiles to overthrow Cuba?

Answer 6

The USA could claim they were’nt involved and it was a counter revolution

Question 7

What was the ‘Bay of Pigs’ incident?

Answer 7

When John F Kennedy and the CIA trained cuban exiles to otherthrow Castro

Question 8

Why was the ‘Bay of Pigs’ incident a complete failure?

Answer 8

The cuban exiles had little military experience
US could not send any support
Castro’s government found out about the invasion plan

Question 9

What did Castro do to humilate the USA after the ‘Bay of Pigs’ incident?

Answer 9

He showed wrecked aeroplanes and evidience of Cuban victory to journalists around the world

Question 10

What the result of the ‘Bay of Pigs’ for the USA?

Answer 10

A humiliating and embarrassing failure

Question 11

How did the ‘Bay of Pigs’ incident effect the relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union?

Answer 11

Relations became stronger

Question 12

After Castro defeated the USA’s failed invasion, what did he ask Krushchev to do?

Answer 12

Help him defend Cuba against any future attack from the USA

Question 13

When Cuba asked krushchev for help of safety after the USA’s failed invasion, How did Krushchev respond?

Answer 13

Krushchev publicly announced that he would provide arms to Cuba

Question 14

Why was Kennedy extremely concerned that Krushchev would provide arms to Cuba?

Answer 14

Cuba would now have modern military equipment and training, meaning the USA wouod be under direct threat

Question 15

Krushchev told the USA that he would not send nuclear weapons to Cuba
How did America find out he was lying?

Answer 15

An american spy plane caught soviet ships sailing to Cuba, carrying missiles

Question 16

Why did Krushchev take the highly provokative step, sending nuclear weapons to Cuba?

Answer 16

NATO had missiles in Turkey which was a threat to USSR
the berlin wall was seen as a krushchev failure so we wants to restore his reputation

Question 17

What was The Thirteen Days, 1962?

Answer 17

President JFK and an executive commity discussed how USA should react to thr threat of cuban missiles

Question 18

How did President JFK decide to respond to Soviet ships carry nuclear weapons to Cuba?

Answer 18

He set up a naval blockade around Cuba and prepared 54 bombers incase war broke out

Question 19

What did the soviet ships do when they saw the naval blockade around Cuba?

Answer 19

They turned around

Question 20

Soviet ships turned around when they saw the naval blockade around Cuba. Two Days later Khrushchev offered Kennedy a proposal
What did this include?

Answer 20

Khrushchev offered to remove missiles from Cuba if the americans agreed not to invade

Question 21

What was the policy of Brinkmanship?

Answer 21

Pushing disagreements to the point where there is risk of war

Question 22

Why were there important steps taken between Kennedy and Khrushchev after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 22

They were aware that there disagreements could lead to war

Question 23

What steps were taken as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 23

A hotline between Washington and Moscow was set up
Test Ban treaty was signed
Outerspace treat was signed
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was signed

Question 24

What was the ‘hotline’ 1963?

Answer 24

A direct communications line between Washington and Moscow

Question 25

What was the Test Ban Treaty 1963?

Answer 25

Prohibited testing of nuclear weapons in outer Space, underwater or in the atmosphere

Question 26

Who signed the Test Ban Treaty 1963?

Answer 26

United States
Soviet Unnion
Great Britain

Question 27

Why was the Test Ban Treaty 1963 so significant?

Answer 27

It was an important step towards arms control

Question 28

What was the Outer Space Treaty 1967?

Answer 28

Prohibited use of Military weapons in orbit, on the moon or on any other celestrial bodies

Question 29

What was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

Answer 29

Prohibited sharing nuclear technologu with other countries

Question 30

How was President Kennedy’s reputation effected after the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved?

Answer 30

His popularity increased
Everyone saw him as a strong leader

Question 31

How was Khrushchev’s reputation effected after the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved?

Answer 31

Became unpopular
Military felt that they had been forced into a humiliating withdrawal

Question 32

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

Answer 32

All communist contries would be prevented from introducing reforms to give individual rights

Question 33

How many East Germans left for West germsny for better living by 1958?

Answer 33

4 million

Question 34

How long did Krushchev give western powers to agree to withdraw troops from berlin?

Answer 34

6 months

Question 35

How did Fidel Castro become communist?

Answer 35

The friendship and support he had from Krushchev awas appealing

Question 36

What was the Prague Spring attempt?

Answer 36

Where czech people attempted to reform the communist system to make it controlled by society rather than indivduals

Question 37

How long did the Prague Spring last?

Answer 37

4 months until it was crushed by the Soviet Red Army

Question 38

What was the Soviet Red Army?

Answer 38

The Amry of the USSR

Question 39

What caused the people of Czech to attempt the Prague Srping?

Answer 39

Weak economy
Lack of personal freedom
Thought USA would support them

Question 40

Why was the berlin wall built?

Answer 40

To stop east germans fleeing
East germans could travel and see what capitalism offered

Question 41

What was ‘Checkpoint charlie’?

Answer 41

The main crossing point in the Berlin wall

Question 42

What was JF Kennedys inital response to the contruction of the Berlin wall?

Answer 42

Sent US tanks on the west of Checkpoint charlie

Question 43

How did the USSR respond to US tanks stationed on the west side of the wall?

Answer 43

The responded equally with tanks on the ewst side of the wall

Question 44

Two armies with two sets of forces and tanks on each side of checkpoint charlie of the berlin wall.

What happened?

Answer 44

The two sides remained there until diplomatic negotiations agreed that both side would slowly withdraw

Question 45

How long was the Confrontation between Kennedy and Khrushev during the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962?

Answer 45

13 day confrontation

Question 46

What conditions did the USSR agree on removing missiles from Cuba?

Answer 46

If the USA promised not to invade Cuba again
If they secretly removed missiles in Turkey

Question 47

When was the Berlin Wall Built?

Answer 47

1961

Question 48

What was the berlin wall of 1961 a symbol of?

Answer 48

Symbolism of physical and ideological division

Question 49

Why was the Berlin wall embarrasing for soviet Union?

Answer 49

It showed the failure of communism

Question 50

Who was the Prague Spring 1968 led by?

Answer 50

Alexander Dubček