The End of The Cold War 1970-91

Question 1

What was the Olympic Boycott of 1980?

Answer 1

The USA led a boycott of 60 nations in the Moscow Olympics 1980

Question 2

Why did the USA lead a boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow?

Answer 2

It was a protest against the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Question 3

Why was the Mosow Olympic boycott in 1980 so significant?

Answer 3

The boycott made the USSR look very bad
USSR was hoping to promote communism

Question 4

How did the Soviet Union respond to USA’s boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games?

Answer 4

In 1984, the Soviet Union led a boycott of 15 communist countries in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics

Question 5

What effect did the 1980 Olympic Boycott and the 1984 Olympic Boycott have on USA and USSR relations

Answer 5

Further deteriorated them

Question 6

Why did Ronald Reagan’s tougher approach make the relations between the USA and USSR tenser?

Answer 6

Increased spending on military and anti-communist groups
Announced the Reagan Doctrine

Question 7

What was the Reagan Doctrine?

Answer 7

The USA would now support anti-communist groups tyring to over throw commumist governments, aswell as anti-communist countries

Question 8

Why did Ronald Reagan announce The strategic Defense Iniative (Star Wars) even though it was years from being ready?

Answer 8

To scare the soviet union so they spend money unnecassarily when there economy was not strong

Question 9

Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?

Answer 9

In 1985, he became Soviet Union leader

Question 10

What was the economy like in the Soviet Union in the mid 1980s?

Answer 10

Money was spent on developing arms to keep up with the USA
Investment in Soviet economy was low

Question 11

What was Perestroika?

Answer 11

Gorbachev proposal that the soviet state and economy should be reformed

Question 12

What does ‘perestroika’ mean in russian and why was it used to describe Gorbachevs proposal?

Answer 12

Russian for ‘reconstruction’.
Used to describe reogranising and restructuring the Soviet State

Question 13

What did the policy of glasnost, made by Gorbachev, allow?

Answer 13

Allowed open opposition to the government
Gave people a better understanding of how the country was run

Question 14

What did Gorbachev do to reform communism in the soviet Union?

Answer 14

Made the policy of glasnost
Discontinued The Brezhnev Doctrine
Reduce spending on arms and withdrew troops from Afghanistan

Question 15

What happened in the Geneva Summit 1985? (First summit)

Answer 15

Gorbachev and Reagan met for the first time
No formal agreements but they established a good working relationship

Question 16

What was the Reykjavik Summit 1986? (Second Summit)

Answer 16

Gorbachev reduce nuclear weapons if the USA stopped their STI progrsm
No formal agreement but an improvement in relations

Question 17

What happened in the Washington Summit 1987? (Third Summit)

Answer 17

First agreement made - The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty

Question 18

What did the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force Treaty, made in the Washington Summit 1987, include?

Answer 18

Abolishing of all land-based missiles with a range of 500-5500 km

Question 19

What happened in the Moscow Summit?

Answer 19

Gorbachev made a speech at the UN that he would reduce the Warsaw pact troops and withdraw them from Afghanistan

Question 20

What was the Malta Summit 1989? (Last Summit)

Answer 20

Gorbachev met new USA president, George Bush

They got on well and many marked this as the ‘end of the cold war’

Question 21

What was the signifcance of the fall of the Berlin Wall?

Answer 21

Families and freinds reunited after 30 years
Symbol of the end of Soviet Control and the Cold war

Question 22

When was the Warsaw Pact formally dissoolved?

Answer 22

1991

Question 23

What happened to East and West Europe when the Warsaw Pact dissolved?

Answer 23

Reunited the East and West
Tension was lost
Soviet countries became independent

Question 24

After the Warsaw Pact dissolved, what did each member of the ex-communist countries do?

Answer 24

They all abandoned communism

Question 25

How did Gorbachev fall from power in 1991?

Answer 25

He was critized for losing control of Eastern Europe by communists
This damaged his authority so he decided to resign

Question 26

What happened immediately after Gorbachev ressigned in 1991?

Answer 26

The break up of the Soviet Union

Question 27

What did SALT 1 1972 restrict?

Answer 27

Number of missiles they could have

Question 28

What did Salt 2 1979 limit?

Answer 28

2,400 strategic nuclear weapons each

Question 29

What does détente mean in french?

Answer 29

Relaxing of tension

Question 30

How manh countries signed The Helsinki Agreement?

Answer 30

35 countries including the USA and USSR

Question 31

What was the Helsinki Agreement of 1975?

Answer 31

Countries signed to recognised the established european borders after WW2

Question 32

What 2 things did the Helsinki Agreement make Western allies and Eastern Europe recognise?

Answer 32

Western allies recognised soviet control over Eastern Europe
The USSR must consider basic human rights

Question 33

What evidence was there that tensions between East and West were easing in the early 1970s?

Answer 33

Us wanted to end Vietnam War
SALT 1
Arms race was too expensive to fund
Sino-soviet split

Question 34

What was the Sino-Soviet Split?

Answer 34

Relations between USSR and China soured

Question 35

How did relations become worse again after 1977?

Answer 35

Jimmy Carter, the new US President, critised the USSR for is human eight abuses

Question 36

How did tension worsen after Jimmy Carters critism?

Answer 36

USSR began replacing nuclear missles.
US responded with the same.
Arms race was back on

Question 37

Who were the Mujahideed?

Answer 37

An anti-communist islamic group who foight against the Svoiet invasion of Afghanistan

Question 38

What led to the formation of the Mujahideed?

Answer 38

communists leaders imprisoned, tortured and murdered many isalmic leaders

Question 39

What challenges did the Soviet Army face in Afghanistan?

Answer 39

They werent prepared for the desert and landscapes
Thr MuJahideen were familiar with the terrain and used it to their advantage
Mujahideen were extremely motivated as they were fighting for their homeland and religion

Question 40

What was the Ultimate reason the USSR invading Afghanistan?

Answer 40

They wanted to prevent USA influence on the middle east
Felt obligated to fight against the Mujahideed

Question 41

What was the Carter Doctrine 1980?

Answer 41

Jimmy Carter, extended the US policy of containment to the Middle East

Question 42

What does the policy of containment in the middle east mean the USA will do?

Answer 42

The USA was prepared to use force to stop any country from gain control over oil rich states of the Middle east

Question 43

When did the war in Afghanistan stop?

Answer 43

1988

Question 44

Why did the war in Afghanistan stop?

Answer 44

It was expensive and embarrasing for the USSR.
A new leader, Gorbachev, also signed a deal to end it

Question 45

Ronald Reagan became president in 1980. He decided to increase US Defence Soending by $32.6 billion dollars.
What did he spend it on?

Answer 45

SDI
Developing a neutron bomb

Question 46

When did Mikhail Gorbachev become leade rof the USSR?

Answer 46

1985

Question 47

What happened af Chernobyl 1986?

Answer 47

When a Ukranian nuclear power plant exploded

Question 48

Why was the Chernobyl incident of 1986 so embarrasing for Gorbachev

Answer 48

Gorbachev tried to cover it up, however western powers already knew what happened

Question 49

What was the Chernobyl incident of 1986 a oowerful symbol of?

Answer 49

A powerful symbol of the problems in communism

Question 50

What did the helsinki Agreements 1975 focus on?

Answer 50

Security, Co-operation and human rights

Question 51

The Helsinki Agreements of 1975 was a diplomatic success. However it wasnt FULLY successful. Why?

Answer 51

The USSR didnt fully honor the human rights part