Warfare 1900-Present Day

Question 1

Weapon continuity

Answer 1

• cannons, rifles, machine guns in WW1

Question 2

Tactics/ strategy continuity

Answer 2

• trench warfare

- cavalry deployed start of WW1

Question 3

Composition continuity

Answer 3

• small during peacetime
• infantry confront enemy
• bombard enemy

Question 4

Recruitment continuity

Answer 4

• WW1 volunteers

Question 5

Training continuity

Answer 5

• volunteers unprepared for war

Question 6

Provisions continuity

Answer 6

• war office supplied army

Question 7

Experience of Warfare continuity

Answer 7

• press coverage made more people aware

Question 8

War reporting continuity

Answer 8

• news papers reported war

Question 9

Weapons change

Answer 9

• tanks, aircraft
• nuclear weapons
• infantry equipment (night vision/ telescopic)

Question 10

Tactics/ strategy change

Answer 10

• trench warfare with aircraft/ tanks to end stalemate
• asymmetric warfare
• guerrilla warfare
• chemical warfare

Question 11

Composition change

Answer 11

• size army smaller
• tanks replaced cavalry
• infantry 25%
• 55% specialist troops

Question 12

Recruitment change

Answer 12

• haldane’s reforms: regular/ territorial army
• home guard ‘dads army’, ‘Woman’s service’ (total warfare era)
• after 1960 conscription ended

Question 13

Training change

Answer 13

• improved significantly high tech weapons

- officer training

Question 14

Provision change

Answer 14

• specialist troops (explosive ordnance disposal)
• railways
• ministry defence oversees
• medicine improved

Question 15

Experience of Warfare change

Answer 15

• civilian targets, homelessness and refugees
• Defence of Realm Act
• fears of nuclear war
• rationing (Blitz)

Question 16

War Reporting change

Answer 16

• censorship
• propaganda
• watch war from home (tv)
• embedded journalism
• attitude changes (lives lost, cost£)

Question 17

Battle of the Somme 1916, Key Points

Answer 17

• rival trenches could be 50 metres apart, reserve trenches further back, ‘no mans land’ in between
• trenches built from wood
• hand to hand combat with flame throwers/ grenades

Question 18

Battle of the Somme 1916, events

Answer 18

• July 1st, 120 000 infantry attacked ‘creeping barrage’
• preparation was bombardment for 7 days
• by Nov little ground gained (600,000 allies and 500,000 German casualties)

Question 19

Battle of the Somme 1916, importance

Answer 19

• artillery bombardment weak
• raw British troops
• German trenches strong (9 metres deep)
• pressure on General Haig

Question 20

Iraq War 2003, key strategies

Answer 20

• bombardment of artillery on Iraqi outposts, ports, oil terminals
• ground attacks
• daily aircraft raids

Question 21

Iraq War 2003, High-tech weapons

Answer 21

• aircraft with bombs + undetectable
• ‘smart bombs’
• challenger Tanks 35MPH
• drones
• satilites

Question 22

Iraq War 2003, reasons for outcome

Answer 22

• Coalition asymmetric warfare
• USA $50 billion, UK $1 billion shock and awe artillery
• guerrilla warfare kept coalition in Iraq for 8 years despite winning in 20 days
• withdraw as other unofficial army had 2007

Question 23

Iraq War 2003, Success?

Answer 23

• yes: defeated forces, removed Suddam Hussain, high tech weapons used effectively
• no: rise of ISIS, there for 8 years, guerrilla warfare hard to defeat, coalition condemned for entering (fears of WMDs but not evidence)