Cold War C1 (Origins Of The Cold War) Flashcards
Why did the grand alliance brake down?
- contradicting ideologies communist and capitalist
- Britain fighting to save Poland, though SU were fighting to win it
- Stalin felt like west left fighting against Russia for too long
Tehran Conference 1943 (co-operation)
- USA open up 2nd front called D-Day
- FDR strong relationship with Stalin
- SU help with Japan
- United Nations
- Spheres of influence
Tehran Conference 1943 (tensions)
- overdue western front
- Poland give land to SU
- Ideologies can’t live together
- disagreement over Germany
Yalta Conference 1945 (co-operation)
- Germany pay for repairs ext
- Germany split in 4 zones
- declarations post-nazi rule free elections
- SU declared war on Japan and get land back
Yalta Conference 1945 (tensions)
- couldn’t agree on democracy
- USA free elections as SU wanted one party
Potsdam Conference 1945 (co-operation)
- Germany reduced by 1/4
- leading Nazis on trial and denazified areas
- SU keep original territory (Poland, Finland, Hungry ext)
- allies gave 1/4 of industrial equipment
Potsdam Conference 1945 (Tension)
- Stalin poor and unhappy as he believed they won the war
- ‘get tough’ policy Truman not working with Stalin
- Stalin did not agree with Yalta decelerations
- Truman bullying conference with atomic bomb
- SU army had 3 mil men, invasion
3 reason for arms race development 1945-1956
- fear
- mistrust
- America protecting the world
3 bombs created during arms race
- A bomb, US then SU
- Hydrogen bomb, US and SU
- B52 bomb, US had ‘first strike’ SU no long distance bomb
3 ways Soviets Exspanded
- percentage deal (Churchill giving too much land)
- Imposes authority (satilite states)
- Rationalising (each state had certain job eg. Hungry produced trucks)
What were Satellite States?
- broke Yalta Decleration
- pro communist government 1 party
- kidnapped political opponents
- secret police
- threatened people into vote
What was said in Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech March 1946?
- Stalin wanted to control Europe
- Stalin wanted Iron Curtain as division
- Allies act before it’s too late
- SU a major threat
Long Telegram (1946)
- SU destroy US life
- Greatest ever threat to US
- Containment, stop spread of Communism
Novikov Telegram (1946)
- US want to dominate world
- US no cooperation
- capitalists elites preparing US for war
4 key features of Truman Doctrine (1947)
- world had choice of ideologies
- America fight for liberty when threatened
- America send troops and aid against SU
- Containment
3 key features of the Marshall Plan
- provided coal for Denmark, Automotive manufacturing help and western aid
- America give 13 billion to countries if they trade
- Economic alliance with European countries could never leave US due to money
2 ways Stalin responds to the Marshall Plan
- makes European countries reject it
- called it “dollar imperialism” US buying an empire
Cominform + impact on relations (1947)
- full control of Satellite States from Moscow
- weakened relations as looked like threat
Comecon + impact on relations (1949)
- disobey Marshall Plan
- economic development in satellite states
- weakened relations as no trade with west
5 reasons Berlin became flashpoint in 1948
- West not same mistake as Treaty of Versaille led to Hitler
- Wether should be communist or capitalist
- Reparations from Germany
- Zonal division temporary of permanent
- Pocket of capitalism in Communism
3 US reactions to Berlin Flashpoint
- allied control commission (soldiers on boarders)
- Trizonia and Berlin only split up into 2
- Deutschmark new currency created division
Main consequence of US reactions to Flashpoint
- Berlin Blockade where Stalin blocked all entrances into Berlin
- it was a gamble
Adv/disad of Withdraw from Berlin
- cheaper, won’t worsen situation, already in their zone
- gives into Stalin, weakness, Stalin take more
Adv/dis Supply Berlin
- not showing weakness, capitalist strong, humanitarian mission
- seen as threat, shot down, expensive, increase tension
Adv/disad of Drive into Berlin
- shows strength, take over checkpoints, cheaper than flying
- threat, force, ground fighting
Build up to Berlin Airlift
- vote against combining communist and capitalist (Stalin setback)
- USSR wanted their own currency
Berlin Airlift details
- 2 mil people with resources
- every 30 seconds planes with supplies
- Berlin politician gave inspiring speech
- Soviets gave up
Why was Berlin Airlift Successful?
- efficient
- Citizens helped
- not military so couldn’t shoot down
- peaceful propaganda
Consequences of Berlin Airlift (1949)
- West and East Germany created that were separate counties
- further tensions as SU used aggressive act
- propaganda against SU
NATO (1949)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- unite capitalist stats and could support each other
Warsaw Pact (1955)
- Soviet version of NATO
- Controlled countries under Soviet control
Nuclear Deterrent
As US AND SU both had nuclear weapons it would stop powers from attacking due to the response the attacked country could have
Significance of Eisenhower in office (1953)
- used anti communism in election protest
- containment
- open to talks with SU
Significance of Khrushchev in office (1956)
- criticised Stalin
- improve relations with west
- peaceful co-existence with both ideologies
5 key events of Hungarian uprising (1956)
- demonstrations in Budapest for free elections due to unpopular Rákosi
- Nagy became Prime Minister
- SU troops withdraw with free elections
- Nagy announces leave Warsaw Pact
- SU troops return and regain with force
Consequences of Hungarian Uprising on (Hungary)
- Nagy executed
- 20,000 Hungarians killed
- Hungarian refugees
Consequences of Hungarian Uprising on (SU)
- lost supplies
- Propaganda
- Warsaw Pact close to getting destroyed
Consequences of Hungarian Uprising on (superpower relations)
- nuclear war threat as SU crossed line
- UN special enquiry but SU refused
- SU extreme measures spread fear
