Elizabeth C1 (Queen, Government and Religion) Flashcards
3 initial problems Elizabeth had as soon as she became queen
- health of citizens (life expectancy)
- securing power
- plots against her as suspected treason of Mary 1
Yeoman
Men who had small amounts of land
Tenant Farmers
Farms rented from Yeomen or gentry
Craftsmen
Skilled employees and apprentices
Nobility
Tended to be rich people who usually born into it
Gentry
Highest class with no labour work
Merchants
People who loved quiet lives aims to become mayor
Court
courtiers: servants, advisers, friend of monarch
Privy Council
19 leading courtiers, advisers, officials
Parliment
House of Lords and Commons full control by monarch
Lords Lieutenant
1 per county from nobility, privy council
Justices of peace
Large landowners kept law and order, unpaid but got status
2 ways Elizabeth had complete control over England (+ examples)
- Monarch ‘grace from God’
- made important decisions (declare war, dismissing parliament, legal cases, titles)
5 ways Elizabeth was limited by parliament
- couldn’t increase tax to get more money
- queen proclamations couldn’t be enforced
- polices needed approval
- Privy Council advised
- Secretary of State advised (Cecil)
2 Elizabeth strength and weaknesses
- Potential husband for king, potential kids for future monarchy
- sidelined if was a king, only princes ext suitable and would put England 2nd
5 key challenges Mary faces
- money, parliament needed more
- France, wealthier and allied with Scotland
- Scotland, enemies + fighting on boarder
- Mary QofS, technically legitimate could claim as Elizabeth was illegitimate child
- Spain, could Allie with France
3 differences between Catholics and Protestants
- pope head, no real head independent
- services in Latin, services in own language
- Priests forbidden to marry, priests could marry
3 key points of the Religious Settlement
Act of Supremecy- Supreme governor + clergy swear oath
Act of Uniformity- All churches looked the same
Royal Injunctions- Instructions to enforce the 2 acts
5 ways religious settlement pleased Protestants
- act of supremacy
- interpret prayer book own way
- English bibles
- banned pilgrimages
- Pope no control
4 ways religious settlement pleased Catholics
- no puritans
- interpret prayer book
- allow images in churches
- Priest wore special clothes
Sentence to summarise the aim of the religious settlement
A Protestant church that Catholic people would accept
3 Successes of the religious settlement
- 8000 priests swore oath
- common people accepted it
- smooth change
4 failures of the religious settlement
- 2000 priests didn’t accept it
- every bishop stepped down
- in London Protestants brought down statues
- church didn’t deal with moral issues
Crucifix Controvery
- puritans didn’t like worshipping idols
- displayed in churches to please Catholics
- Bishops stepped down
Vestment Controversy
- Puritans didn’t want Priests being separated from humans
- Catholics liked them wearing special clothes
- not all clergy followed
Papacy
- Catholics still looked up to Pope
- Pope told them not to attend CofE services
- Catholics ended up accepting it
France Religious war 1562
- Elizabeth worried about spread to England
- helped French protestants
- irritated Phillip of Spain more
Events of the Dutch Revolt
- Spain got into Dutch affairs
- Spanish Inquisition was when turned Catholics and Protestants against Spain
- Sea Beggars were Dutch who stole from Spanish Ships
- Duke of Alba defeated army
- Council of Troubles (Phillips’) enforced Catholism
Elizabeth’s actions in the Dutch Revolt
- tool gold from the Genoese Loan which was from Genoa to Phillip
- this angered Catholics as against Phillip and made her look like she was against them
- she didn’t want this but was running out of patience
What happened to Mary in 1568?
- she escaped prison and raised an army against Scottish Lords
- defeated so she fled to England
