Cold War C3 (Why did the Cold War end?) Flashcards
1
Q
4 main reasons for Détente 1960-70s
A
- MAD theory
- Nixon relaxed military by taking troops out of Vietnam
- USA had social issues with protests
- SU had economic issues and cut military funding
2
Q
SALT 1 (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) 1972
A
- banned weapons including Anti- ballistic missle, ICBs, SLBMs
- Banned warheads on seabeds
- didn’t do much as countries still had many nuclear weapons
- showed Khrushchev and Nixon could agree
3
Q
3 key agreements of Helsinki Accords 1975
A
- European boarders cannot be altered by force
- more trade and technology agreements to increase international cooperation
- accept human rights, freedom of speech, religion and free movement across Europe
4
Q
Salt 2 + why is faded 1979
A
- between Carter and Brezhnev to reduce nuclear weapons further and stop testing
- faded due to mistrust of SU and their capturing of US embassy in Iran
5
Q
Why did Détente end?
A
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
- Carter couldn’t support the treaty anymore
6
Q
Why SU invaded Afghanistan in 1979
A
- buffer zone with capitalism
- initially Communist but new leader Amin discussed with USA
- lead to SU invading to have a pro-communist government
7
Q
4 US reactions to the invasion of Afghanistan
A
- Carter Doctrine not allow SU control in Afghanistan
- SALT 2 fell apart and ended negotiations
- formed alliance with China and Israel and funded Mujahideen to fight USSR
- Boycott 1980 in Moscow Olympics then SU boycotted 1984
8
Q
4 beliefs of Ronald Reagan the new US President
A
- New Cold War
- rejected peaceful coexistence
- believed Détente made US weak
- USA fight for freedom
9
Q
Significance of Reagan’s evil empire speach
A
- SU is evil
- good v evil
- USA can’t be complacent
10
Q
What was SDI ‘star wars’?
A
- strategic defence initiative
- government spend money to send lasers to prevent nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons to fire in space
- USA had first strike on SU
11
Q
5 effects of SDI on superpower relations
A
- broke Détente
- space race to arms race
- Soviets not enough money
- SU couldn’t keep up
- turning point unmatched
12
Q
3 problems with SU as Gorbachev took over
A
- manoeuvres across Poland ready for invasion relying on secret police
- poor leadership
- leaders had health problems
13
Q
4 Gorbachev policies
A
- Soviet state and economy reform to be more capitalism
- more openness less fear
- Brezhnev Doctrine dropped (stopping satellite states become liberal)
- less money on arms and withdraw from Afghanistan
14
Q
Perestroika
A
Russian for ‘reconstruction’, reconstruct government
15
Q
Glasnost
A
Russian for ‘openness’, meaning government speak with people more
