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History > Vietnam C1 (Reasons For Involvement) > Flashcards

Vietnam C1 (Reasons For Involvement) Flashcards

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1
Q

4 key terms

A

Vietcong- Vietnamese Communists
NVA- North Vietnamese Army
AVRN- Army of the Republic of the North
Ho Chi Minh Trail- dirt paths through Laos/ Cambodia to connect north and south

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2
Q

Vietnam after World War 2

A
  • Japan surrendered, returned to France
  • Ho Chi Minh leader of Republic north, he wanted independence called Vietminh (communist)
  • Bao Dai leader in south with French troops
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3
Q

Key features of Dien Bien Phu 1954

A
  • French built airstrip to lure Vietminh in
  • surrounded by 50,000 troops + artillery
  • lasted 55 days, French surrendered
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4
Q

Reasons for Vietminh victory at Dien Bien Phu 1954

A
  • local conditions, new countryside
  • local support, helped/ supplied
  • China, supplied North with weapons/ supplies
  • French Mistakes, underestimated north + poor troops
  • Vietminh commitment, worked day/ night
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5
Q

What did Dien Bien Phu 1954 lead to?

A
  • The French left Vietnam

- Eisenhower supported the south

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6
Q

Agreements of the Geneva Accords 1954

A
  • divided 17th parallel
  • Vietminh north (Hanoi capital), Bao Dai south (Saigon capital)
  • people move for 300 days
  • no foreign troops
  • elections for a united country
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7
Q

Problems with the Geneva Accords 1954

A
  • USA/ South did not follow
  • North wanted parallel further down
  • Elections not for 6 months
  • in 1956 Diem refused to hold elections
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8
Q

Domino theory

A

Belief if Vietnam fell to Communism it would spread to surrounding countries

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9
Q

SEATO

A

South East Asia Treaty Organisation, contain communism

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10
Q

Why was Diem unpopular?

A
  • Catholic, Vietnam Buddhist
  • Governmental jobs to family
  • little respect for villagers
  • fixed referendum, arrest communist, called North ‘Vietcong’
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11
Q

What did Diem being leader of the south lead to?

A
  • civil war in Vietnam between the north and the south
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12
Q

Actions of Kennedy

A
  • $40 mil for training, sending troops, chemicals to kill crops and Helicopters for transport
  • agreed with Domino Theory
  • more advisors
  • hunt VC
  • persuade local villagers
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13
Q

Hearts and Minds

A
  • it was key to win over the people (as they currently preferred the communists)
  • Jungle conditions bad, VC hard to defend against (even kids)
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14
Q

Battle of Ap Bac

A
  • US media report it as a defeat (protests)

- this is despite outnumbering north ext

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15
Q

Quang Duc’s protest

A
  • Buddhist monk set himself alight

- showed problems with southern government

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16
Q

Overthrow of Diem

A
  • done by the AVRN, USA knew but did not act

- showed problems

17
Q

Strategic Hamlets

A
  • modern villages to stop VC recruitment of villagers
18
Q

Reasons for the failure of the Strategic Hamlets

A
  • people didn’t want to move (move from graves ext)
  • people went hungry as they were unfed
  • bad sanitation/ poor conditions
19
Q

Kennedy’s assassination

A
  • Vice President Johnson stepped in, hard unstable Southern government
  • Assassination symbolic for problems
  • VC stronger, South weaker
20
Q

Why the VC were an increased threat

A
  • local support, to have stable government need support
  • South run poorly
  • Vietcong ideals (solve poverty)
  • VC were organised
  • VC got weapons/ supplied from China + USSR
  • VC had time, didn’t need to win it quickly
21
Q

Significance of the Golf of Tonkin 1964

A
  • US ships thought they were attacked
  • Johnson ignored confusion of 2nd time and retaliated by ordering air strikes
  • congress passed resolution to send troops
  • VC saw this as a war deceleration so increased attacks
22
Q

Escalation under Johnson

A
  • advisors were naive: conflicting advise either to bomb or war was won
  • there aim was still containment but they were loosing
23
Q

VC tactics

A
  • hit and run, hard to defend
  • sabotaged roads, US had heavy supplies
  • stayed close to US troops to know where they were
  • complex tunnel systems to hide
  • dressed like villagers, blended in
  • propaganda, turn south against US
  • ambush traps, effective + hard to retaliate
  • light weapons, moved more swiftly
24
Q

US Tactics

A
  • Operation Rolling Thunder, bomb HCM trail using Napalm and Pineapple bombs (didn’t do much damage)
  • Search and Destroy, search VC camps but VC prepared
  • Operation Cedar Falls, kill in ‘iron triangle’, they cleared it but villagers moved back in
  • Operation Ranch Hand, chemicals to destroy jungle + village crops, caused food shortages and Poisoned Water
25
Q

Key features of the Tet Offensive 1968

A
  • VC attacked 26 cities
  • on Lunar New Year so AVRN troops off
  • North had purposely suggested peace negotiations (false sense of security)
26
Q

‘Tet Offensive was a US military defeat’, agree

A
  • caught off guard
  • got into US embassy
  • humiliation
  • Saigon attacked (safest place)
  • more anti war campaigns
  • VC rebuild
  • Johnson didn’t run for president
27
Q

‘Tet Offensive was a US military defeat’, disagree

A
  • VC troops captured/ defeated
  • recaptured cities, restored order
  • US won on the ground
28
Q

Changes under Nixon 1963-73

A

Promises:

  • peace talks, representatives to Paris
  • secret peace talks, advisors to VC
  • lowered troop number
  • AVRN training
  • secret bombing of Cambodia
29
Q

Nixon Doctrine

A
  • USA honour treaties
  • Help against Nuclear War
  • USA provide AVRN training
30
Q

Expansion of the war under Nixon

A
  • Bombed/ invaded Cambodia 1970, stop communism and public outcry
  • Invasion of Laos 1971, lots of fighting for power but many US casualties and questioned Vietnamization
  • Operation Linebacker, bombing north with no restrictions
  • Easter Offensive, peace negotiations dragging on so VC attacked 3 cities by USA got them back
31
Q

Key features of Vietnamization

A
  • AVRN alone to fight the war
  • USA provide training + equipment
  • South Vietnam separates but non- communist
  • troops withdrawal with ‘honour’
32
Q

Why Vietnamization failed

A
  • attitudes of US troops, new they were going home
  • AVRN corrupt and not enough soldiers
  • congress restricted funds for training
  • economic crisis in south (unemployment)

History (16 decks)

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