War of the Third Coalition Flashcards
What broke down between Britain and France?
1803 the Peace of Amiens - a temporary armed truce between Britain and France.
Who joined as an ally of France?
1804,Spain joined the war as an ally of France, giving Napoleon the ships he needed to challenge Britain.
How many vessels did France have?
33 ships of the line faced 27 British vessels.
What style of fighting was there at Trafalgar?
Fighting at close quarters. Cannons Muskets and Rifles
What was the range of canons in the 1800’s?
range of up to 800 metres, although grapeshot went considerably less.
Who was one of the French commanders?
Horatio Nelson - He was fatally shot during his victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, aged 47.
Why did Britain win?
Faster and more effective British gunnery steadily wearing down the enemy.
How many British ships fought the early stages of the battle?
12 - Suffering some 1200 deaths and casualties.
Why did the British win?
Comparative ability of naval commanders.
What did the Battle lead to?
The Berlin Decree - Continental trade system.
When was the Battle of Ulm?
14 October
What happened to Austrian, Werneck’s troops?
Werneck’s corps was overwhelmed in a series of actions at Langenau, Herbrechtingen, Nördlingen, and Neresheim.
What had Napoleon done by 16th October?
Surrounded Mack’s entire army at Ulm - Mack surrendered with 25,000 men.
Why was it a success in terms of the troop?
They were taught to move fast in smaller detachments.
How did Napoleon’s meritocracy contribute to the success?
He inspired them and had promoted them. He described Ney as “The bravest of the brave”.
What evidence is there of enemy weakness?
Austrians used the Gregorian calendar, the Russians were still using the Julian calendar - Austrians were brought into conflict with the French before the Russians could come into line.
What was the success of this battle tampered by?
The news that the French and Spanish navy was battered at Trafalgar one day later, 21st October, 1805.
When was the Battle of Austerlitz?
2nd December 1805.
What did Napoleon do to lure the enemy into battle?
Said the French army was in a pitiful state, even abandoning the dominant Pratzen Heights near Austerlitz.
How did Napoleon gain victory?
With the Allied centre demolished, the French swept through both enemy flanks and sent the Allies fleeing chaotically, capturing thousands of prisoners in the process.
Who was the Battle against?
Russia and Austria
How did Bonaparte successfully show leadership?
He hid 17,000 forces in the morning fog. He chose the battlefield.
What evidence was there of enemy weakness?
The Austrians and Russians were divided and over confident.
What is this battle widely regarded as?
The greatest victory achieved by Napoleon
How large were allied forces?
89,000
What treaty followed shortly after?
Treaty of Pressburg followed on 26 December. Pressburg took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition.
What did the Battle confirm?
Austrian loss of lands in Italy and Bavaria to France, and in Germany to Napoleon’s German allies.
What was imposed on the Austrians as a result?
Indemnity of 40 million francs
What critical change did the Battle permit?
The creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, a collection of German states intended as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe, making HRE useless.
What did the battle not establish?
Lasting peace on the continent - sparked the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1806.
