Napoleon's military leadership and reasons for military success

Question 1

When was the Siege of Toulon?

Answer 1

1793

Question 2

SOT: What was Napoleon put in charge of?

Answer 2

Artillery by the Convention, Augustin Robespierre demanded he was given the chance.

Question 3

SOT: What did Napoleon get?

Answer 3

100 guns from surrounding, Marseilles.

Question 4

SOT: What were the officers serving with him like?

Answer 4

Incompetent.

Question 5

SOT: What did the British command?

Answer 5

The port and little fortresses above it, nicknamed the ‘Little Gibraltar’.

Question 6

SOT: What did the French force amount to?

Answer 6

Around 32,000

Question 7

SOT: How did Napoleon gain the French an advantage?

Answer 7

On 16th December, attacked at night and got heigh advantage.
Rain shot onto British ships and town of Toulon.
British withdrew within one day.

Question 8

SOT: What was the impact of the SOT for Napoleon?

Answer 8

During the terror he was promoted to brigadier general in the army.

Question 9

By 1795 what was Napoleon?

Answer 9

Frances youngest general at age 25.

Question 10

When was the ‘Whiff of grapeshot’?

Answer 10

1795

Question 11

Why was Napoleon called in 1795?

Answer 11

To protect parliament.

Question 12

How large were the royalist forces?

Answer 12

Outnumbered the republicans by to 6 to 1 on 5th October.

Question 13

How did the republicans remain victorious?

Answer 13

They held perimeter, canons fired grapeshot into royalist forces.

Question 14

What was Napoleon viewed as after 1795?

Answer 14

A national hero - given command of French army in Italy.

Question 15

What did royalists label Napoleon to be?

Answer 15

General Vendémiaire to portray it as massacre.

Question 16

When was the Italian Campaign?

Answer 16

1796-1797

Question 17

IC: What was Napoleon appointed to?

Answer 17

Commander-in-chief on 2nd March 1796.

Question 18

IC: How many men was Napoleon given control of?

Answer 18

41,000 men but increased to 50,000 men by summer of 1796.

Question 19

IC: What did Napoleon pay his men with?

Answer 19

Gold and silver over paper assignats for the first time in months.

Question 20

IC: Who was the enemy in the IC?

Answer 20

Piedmont and Austrian Empire.

Question 21

IC: When was Piedmont knocked out the war?

Answer 21

28th April - forced to accept the Armistice of Chersaco, knocking them out of First Coalition.

Question 22

IC: Why did the Austrians sue for peace?

Answer 22

French advanced 100 miles of Vienna.

Question 23

IC: What was signed with Austria?

Answer 23

The Treaty of Campo-Formio

Question 24

IC: How was Napoleon viewed after the IC?

Answer 24

‘Little Corporal’

Question 25

E: When was Egypt campaign?

Answer 25

1798-1801

Question 26

E: Who fought in the Egyptian campaign?

Answer 26

France versus Britain and Ottoman Turkish empire.

Question 27

E: How big were each countries armies?

Answer 27

F: 40,000 O: 220,000 B: 30,000

Question 28

E: What was the cause of the war?

Answer 28

The French had upset the British land route to India.

Question 29

E: What was a success of the campaign?

Answer 29

Battle of the Pyramids - only 29 French deaths but 20,000 Mameluke casualties (Napoleons own record).

Question 30

E: What was a failure of the campaign?

Answer 30

Battle of the Nile - Napoleon absent but 4 ships destroyed and 9 captured.

Question 31

How can History be criticised?

Answer 31

‘History is a set of lies agreed upon’ - Napoleon

Question 32

What is the myth of the Battle of Lodi?

Answer 32

A victorious capture of a bridge protected by Austrians in 1796.

Question 33

What is the reality of the Battle of Lodi?

Answer 33

• Austrians already prepping to withdraw at Lodi
• Head on charge was suicidal for many
  -Napoleon fell into water at Arcola trying to rally troops.
• Peace treaty with Austria gave them Venice so not total triumph.

Question 34

What external revolutionary factors ensured his success?

Answer 34

The Levee en Masse - meant he had more men than his opponents.
Could play on unity of revolution.