The Assembly of Notables and Political Developments Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Assembly of Notables?

A

22nd February, 1787

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2
Q

What was the Assembly of Notables?

A

Group of high-ranking nobles and ecclesiastical - 144 in total.

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3
Q

When was the Assembly of Notables called by the King?

A

Convened on extraordinary occasions to consult on matters of state.

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4
Q

Why was the Assembly of Notables called in 1787?

A

Turgot, Necker and Calonne all believed tax reform was necessary to get France out of debt.

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5
Q

Why did repeated attempts to implement tax reform fail?

A

Due to lack of parlement support - they felt it would affect their own income.

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6
Q

Who proposed calling the Assembly of Notables?

A

Calonne

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7
Q

What five things did the Assembly of Notables recommend?

A

1/ Single value land tax
2/ Conversion of corvee into money tax
3/ Abolition of internal tariffs
4/ The creation of elected provincial assemblies
5/ Calling of estates general since 1614.

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8
Q

What radical changes did the Assembly propose?

A

Lowering the income qualifications for voting for proposed provincial assemblies.

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9
Q

What was the result of the Assembly?

A

1/ Assistance of the Estates General in creating provincial assemblies.
2/ Reestablished free trade in grain
3/ Converted the corvee into cash payment
4/ Generated short term loans.

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10
Q

What happened to Calonne?

A

Sacked on 8th April, 1787 having failed to control the Assembly of Notables.

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11
Q

Who dissolved the Assembly of Notables?

A

Calonne’s successor - Lomenie de Brienne at behest of the King.

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12
Q

When does the King try to pass edicts through parlement?

A

6th July, 1787

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13
Q

What new tax did Lomenie de Brienne present?

A

The ‘stamp act’ for registration in Paris Parlement.

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14
Q

Why did Parlement refuse it?

A

Saw it as an illegal act, demanding accounting statements which the King refused to give.

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15
Q

What did Louis declare?

A

Parlement was to assemble at the Kings palace on 6th August and in person register taxes.

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16
Q

What did Parlement declare on the 7th of August?

A

That the order was null and void and only the Estates General could register new taxes.

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17
Q

What did the King negotiate with Parlement?

A

On 15th August, 1787 - King withdrew Stamp Tax and modified taille to exclude lands of people of title in return for Parlement to accept more loans.

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18
Q

What did Louis propose in September?

A

A ‘Successive loan’ until 1792 which would give the King a blank cheque.
Philippe Egalite spoke out about this.

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19
Q

What was the Edict of Versailles?

A

On 7th November, 1787 - gave non-catholics the right to openly practice religion as well as legal and civil status.

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20
Q

How was the Edict of Versailles passed?

A

Through persuasion such as that of Turgot.

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21
Q

When did Paris Parlement refuse to go home?

A

2nd May, 1788 - Hearing of the edict they swore an oath not to be disbanded. King sent his guards to arrest them and they surrendered.

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22
Q

What new thing happened on 8th May, 1788?

A

A new government with registration of new edicts presented to regional parlements.

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23
Q

Who refused the new government?

A

All parlements following Paris and armed protest swept the Kingdom.

24
Q

When was the Estates General called?

A

24th January 1789.

25
Q

What did the letter state which summoned parliament?

A

‘The King promises to address the grievances of his people’.

26
Q

How would the Estates General work?

A

Would meet in three assemblies with each collecting a cahier to be considered.

27
Q

How did the King intend to control the authority of the Estates General?

A

By not changing its function since 175 years ago in 1614.

28
Q

What did the press begin to demand?

A

That the commons should be allocated twice as many delegates.

29
Q

What did the King accept?

A

He ‘doubled the Third’ - he was confident in his influence over the Nobility and Clergy.

30
Q

How many delegates were elected?

A

1,200 - half of whom formed the Third Estate.

31
Q

Who did the First Estate represent?

A

100,000 Catholic Clergy with 300 delegates.

32
Q

How was the Second Estate represented?

A

Represented 400,000 and 282 delegates.

33
Q

How was the Third Estate represented?

A

Doubled to 578 men representing 95% of the population.

34
Q

How did the Estates General become militant?

A

Pamphlets by liberal nobles and clergy became widespread after the lifting of press censorship.

35
Q

When did the Estates General open?

A

5th May, 1789

36
Q

What did the Estates General open with?

A

Opened with a three-hour speech by Necker.

37
Q

What were the Estates General told when it opened?

A

That they would be voting ‘by power’ not by ‘head’.

38
Q

When did the Estates General become the National Assembly?

A

4th June to 9th July 1789.

39
Q

What did they announce on the 13th June?

A

They declared themselves not as an Assembly of the Estates but of the ‘people’.
Invited others join to them but said they would do it with or without them.

40
Q

When did the other two estates join?

A

17th June - Completing the process.

41
Q

When was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

20th June, 1789

42
Q

What did the King order resulting in the Tennis Court Oath?

A

Demanded closure of the assembly and its decrees annulled.

43
Q

What did the third estate swear an oath to as a result of the Kings demands?

A

‘Not to separate and to reassemble wherever circumstances require’.

44
Q

Why was Necker fired?

A

For publishing an inaccurate account of the debt to the public.

45
Q

When was the National Constituent Assembly formed?

A

9th July, 1789

46
Q

What and when was the National Constituent assembly succeeded by?

A

The legislative assembly in September 1791.

47
Q

Who were the left and right wings of the Constituent Assembly?

A

Monarchists - allied with Necker, wanted to arrange France like Britain with House of Lords and Commons.
National Party - Represented middle class and was sympathetic to revolution and democracy.

48
Q

When was the Storming of the Bastille?

A

14th July, 1789

49
Q

What did the Parisians want?

A

Weapons to resist the mercenaries being assembled by the King, therefore attacking the Bastille.

50
Q

When did the fortress fall?

A

It fell a few hours later

51
Q

When did the fortress fall?

A

It fell a few hours later

52
Q

Whose head was paraded around the city?

A

The Mayor of Paris despite ordering a ceasefire.

53
Q

What did the Bastille symbolise?

A

A symbol of the negatives of the Ancien Regime - fortress had only held seven prisoners though.

54
Q

What did Louis do on the 17th July?

A

Visit Paris and accept a tricolore cockade to cries of ‘long live the nation’ and ‘long live the King’

55
Q

When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

A

26th August 1789

56
Q

What did the Declaration remove?

A

Personal serfdom, exclusive hunting rights and the tithe.

57
Q

What is one Article from the Declaration?

A

‘Men are born and remain free and equal in rights’.