Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History A Level > War Of The Roses Up To Towton > Flashcards

War Of The Roses Up To Towton Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

When was the treaty of tours?

A

1444

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did Henry VI (6th) end his minority?

A

1437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the Treaty of Tours?

A

At tours in 1444, The Ducks of Suffolk (William De La Pole) promised to surrender Maine in exchange for a two year truce and to have Henry VI married to Margaret of Anjou

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was the Treaty of Tours a failure?

A
  • It gave the French to much power

- Compared to the Treaty of Tours in 1420 by Henry VI’s dad, it was pitiful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why people didn’t like Henry VI’s wife? (Margaret of Anjou)

A
  • She was French, and the English were fighting the French at the time (and losing to them)
  • She was young
  • She didn’t bring anything to do the table regarding the kings reign (politically, socially, logistically or militaristically)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was Richard Duke of York dismissed from his potion in France? And what happened after?

A

He was dismissed in 1447, and replaced by Somerset who in 1449, lost more land to the French, with a death toll of 4000 soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How was much Henry VI in debt to his country?

A

£168 million in today’s money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why Henry VI had a bad start to his rule

A
  • Contrasting with his successful dad, it made him look bad
  • His dad was bad with money, and made England broke with his conquest of Agincourt and his spendings
  • Parliament got agitated by the lack of money, and therefor had a bad connection with Henry
  • Hereditary mental illness from his grandfather
  • He was 9 months old when he took the throne, and he had never seen anybody rule before, and saw only bickering noble men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did the Duke of Suffolk’s death in 1450 show?

A

It showed how people weren’t scared of Henry’s authority and shows how we was to weak to punish people (seeing how Suffolk was killed by privateers). Also shows a lack of trust between the kings ability to rule and the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why were people unhappy in the early 1450s

A
  • Execution of Suffolk, made people nervous and scared
  • Widespread corruption
  • Heavy taxation due to the unsuccessful war in France
  • Loss of Normandy and land in France
  • Treaty of Tours
  • The Duke of York being excluded from Government
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was Cade’s Rebellion?

A

1450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happened in the Summer of 1453?

A

The Battle of Castillion, where the English got kicked out of France and John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury was killed (he was a big military commander and was an old soldier that had seen the height of the 100 years war for the English, his death marked an end of an era and the end of the war)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happened in August 1453?

A

Henry VI has a mental breakdown after he heard what had happened in France, created a power vacuum that Richard Duke of York filler as Lord Protector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happened in November 1450?

A

Richard Duke of York arrives in London with his own retinue and an angry mob (scares Londoners reminds them of Cade’s rebellion) and gave a list of commands, to get his owed money back, recognised as heir to the throne, get the demands of Cade’s passed through, and to get rid of the evil counsellors like Somerset, the kind ignores him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When did the Duke of Somerset become Captain of Calais

A

1451

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happened in May 1451

A

A member of Parliament called Thomas Young said that York should be recognised as heir to the throne, he was then imprisoned on the Tower of London where he disappeared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happened in September 1451

A

Richard tries to restore peace as The Earl of Devon besieged Lord Bonville in Taunton castle, York stops the fighting and then Henry VI declares York broke the peace because he was scared York, and thought he was trying to get support to become king

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does Richard Duke of York raise his first rebellion?

A

February 1452, raised an army at Dartford in Kent, mainly made up of commoners, the king got wind of this and raised an army of his own, later Richard called off the attack as it was futile, and went to negotiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens as a result of York’s first uprising in 1452?

A

Later in 1452 the King goes on a progress to punish the ringleaders of the uprising, kills more people in it and gives York a pardon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens in March 1452?

A

Parliament grant tax for further fighting in France, to draw the country’s attention away from Henry’s mass murder and make him look better

21
Q

What happens in the summer of 1453?

A

The battle of Castilian, where John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury was killed, a very big military commander who was also very old school, who had seen the height of the 100 years war for the English, his death marked an end of an era and a huge loss in moral and ability to defend against the french

22
Q

What happens in August 1435?

A

Henry VI has a mental breakdown on hearing what had happened in France, which created a power vacuum that Richard Duke of York filled as lord protector

23
Q

What happens in November 1453?

A

York imprisons Somerset, who was accused with treason, Margaret of Anjou then gave birth to a child named Edward (Edward of Westminster) in 1453, but as the king couldn’t “claim” the child as his, rumours about Margaret having an affair with the Duke of Somerset broke out

24
Q

What happened in March 1454

A

York was named defender of the realm in Henrys absence, given by the kings council (which shows how scared the council was) and they couldn’t replace York with Edward because he was a child, (which went well with Richard II and Henry VI), York had a strong claim tot true throne, which made Margaret redundant (and because she was a woman and french). York then also tried to take back the land Henry had given away to all his rich friends to try and solve the debt crisis in England at the time

25
Q

What happens on the Christmas of 1454?

A

Henry VI wakes up, reclaims power, releases Somerset and gives all the land Richard had taken back, back to his friends, proceeded to claim the child as his, while York and the rest of the Nevilles go back up to the north of England

26
Q

What happens on the 22nd May 1455?

A

Battle of St Albans, Yorkist victory, Somerset died there

27
Q

What happened in August 1451?

A

Earl of Devon, provoked by Wiltshire’s involvement in the quarrel raised a force and besieged Lord Bonville in Taunton castle

28
Q

Why did the Duke of York pose a threat to Margaret

A
  • A more credible claim to the throne than her, her child, and maybe even her husband
  • Gained positive support during his reign as Lord Protector (nobles and high relatives also with the people)
  • Henry’s advisors were corrupt
  • Henry was to trusting, easily manipulated and increasingly unstable
29
Q

When was the Accord Signed?

A

October 1460

30
Q

What was The Accord?

A

Henry would keep his crown, but when he died, York or his offspring would gain the crown

31
Q

What happens in July 1455

A

Orders an ordinance to reduce the royal household (making them easier to control)

32
Q

What happens in August 1456?

A

The Court moves to Coventry, closer to Margaret’s base of operations in the midlands, the normal Londoners weren’t happy as it may make London a smaller place, and may lead to the economy dropping

33
Q

When was the council deemed to show as much respect to Margaret as they were Henry?

A

1456-1457

34
Q

What happens in January 1457

A

There was a new council made for the Prince of Wales (Edward of Westminster Margaret’s son) and made primarily of staunch Lancastrians, no Yorkists were to be involved

35
Q

What happens in September 1457?

A

Margaret makes a triumphant entry into Coventry, Henry goes unnoticed

36
Q

What did Pope Pius II say about Henry in 1460?

A

Henry was a man more timorous than a women, utterly devoid of wit or spirit, who left everything in his wife’s hands

37
Q

What happened on the 24th of March 1458

A

The Loveday Parade, where both people from both sides walked arm in arm in act of reconciliation, Queen Margaret even walked hand in hand with York at some point (devised by Henry). Both sides did have army’s camped right by just in case

38
Q

What happened on the 23rd of September 1459?

A

Battle of Blore Heath, Earl of Salisbury got intercepted by the royal army, was a Yorkist victory anyway, made the Yorkists look worse as they just went up against the anointed kings army and slaughtered them and one of their lords (Lord Audley)

39
Q

What happened on the 12th-13th October 1459

A

Battle of Ludford Bridge, York realised he was outnumbered, knew that he would lose and ran away from the fight with some others from the Neville family, overall seen as dishonourable as he left his town of Ludlow and his wife in the Lancastrian hands

40
Q

When was the battle of Wakefield

A

December 30th 1460

41
Q

What happened at the battle of Wakefield

A

Lancastrian victory, Yorkists were ambushed, Richard Duke of York, Edward of March and the Earl of Salisbury were killed and heads were put on the spikes in front of the Tower of London (paper crown on York’s head, taunted before death)

42
Q

When was the second battle of St Albans

A

17 February 1461

43
Q

What happened at the second battle of St Albans

A

Lancastrian victory, York’s were beaten when Margaret’s forces flanked around the York’s by taking the town of Dunstable and coming behind them (also over aggressive tactics by the Earl of Warwick)

44
Q

When was the battle of Mortimer?

A

2nd February 1461

45
Q

What happened on the 27-28th March 1461

A

Battle of Ferrybridge

46
Q

When was the battle of Towton?

A

29th March 1461

47
Q

Key facts about the battle of Towton

A
  • Death toll was approximately 28000 according to the Chronicle (bloodiest battle held on British soil)
  • Some people that died on the Yorkists side included Earls of Northumberland, Lords Dacre and Westmorland
  • Some people that died on the Lancastrian side included, Sir Andrew Trollope, Sir Henry Stafford, Sir John Heydon and Sir Richard Percy
  • From the battle of Towton Edward used propaganda that god was on the Yorkist side by saying that the snowstorm that bogged down the Lancastrian and made the Yorkist arrows fly further was a gift from god
48
Q

What were the results of the Battle at Towton?

A
  • Yorkist victory
  • Edward managed to claim the throne as Henry VI fled the country
  • Margaret fled to the North

History A Level (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions