1483-1486 Flashcards
What were some events that happened in Richard III’s reign
- Killed Lord Hastings, Earl Rivers and Richard Grey prior
- Kept custody of Edward V in the Tower of London as a prisoner (July 1483 weren’t seen again)
- Both actions problematic for society
- Deaths blamed on Richard furled rebellion and in the south, already weak for support
What were some important facts surrounding Richard III’s nobility
- Nobility predominantly Yorkist but revived rivalry for supporters for king and those who didn’t, divided Yorkist elite
- Earl of Warwick allied with Richard, Stanley’s unsure
Buckingham’s rebellion, important facts
- Orchestrated by Margaret Beaufort and Elizabeth Woodville in October 1483 though rumours started in September 1483
- Supporters of Sir John Cheyney and the Duke of Buckingham
- South West were the centre for rebellion with supporters such as the Marquess of Dorset and Thomas Grey
- Marquess Dorset closely linked to the Woodvilles
- Uprisings in Brecon, Kent, Newbury in Berkshire, Salisbury in Wiltshire and Exeter
What were the consequences of Buckingham’s Rebellion?
- Rebel leaders fled to Henry Tudor, Marquess of Dorset, Bishops of Ely and Sir John Cheyney
- Few nobility took up arms for quashing the rebellion, Richard couldn’t rely on nobility apart from Viscount Lovell and Duke of Norfolk
- The rebellion made his greatest ally Buckingham dead, Lord Stanley and Duke of Northumberland were unsure (Henry Percy resented Richard as he wasn’t restored to dominance in the North)
- They were over mighty subjects, couldn’t be replaced or destroyed
What were some important facts about administration under Richard III
- Not all rebels fled England, 104 names were set for attainder in January 1484
- Many were leaders from the South who were stripped of land and authority. Political vacuum in the south
- Richard was more reliant on Northerners for support and parachuted them into the south
- It wasn’t uncommon for offices belonging to rebels to be distributed immediately to new owners (from the north) but for land it was illegal (Richard did it anyway)
- E.G. Sir William Stanley receiving Buckingham’s lordship of Thornbury in November 1483
- policy of packing south with Northerners backfired as Community of the Shire resented them, linked by marriage, common interest and blood, led to less support from South
- Uprisings continued in south in 1484 like in Hertfordshire and Essex from two knights of the kings body John Fortescue and John Risley
What were some key points regarding Richards wife and child
- April 1484 son died after being constantly sick
- Early 1485 Queen Anne died
- Rumours Richard was going to marry his niece Elizabeth of York arose. He denied rumours but they show the general dislike to Richard among his subjects
- Throne now more unstable due to not having an heir
What were some key points of the return of Henry Tudor?
- Support was thin with 500 Englishmen and 200 French Mercenaries. Had commanders such as Sir Edward Woodville
- Reliant in sympathisers in England which were encouraged by Margaret Beaufort
- Rhys ap Thomas and Walter Herbert were supposed to flank Henry Tudor on his arrival in Wales but joined his cause
- Henry promised the lieutenancy of Wales to Rhys
- Force to substantial they took Shrewsbury
What were some key points about Richard III’s call to arms
- Instantly summoned Commissioners of the Array to raise forces alongside the Duke of Norfolk
- There was also a delay in raising forces as letters sent by Rhys so Thomas downplayed their size
- Lord Stanley and the Duke of Northumberland didn’t raise troops instantly and loitered
- The uncertainty of Stanley and Henry Percys support caused weakness in Richard’s organisation
- People in Richard’s army defected such as Sir John Savage
When was the battle of Bosworth? Key facts about it
- 22 August 1485
- Apparently Richards army twice the size of Henry’s, infantry, cavalry and artillery. Henry’s forces though thin had trained mercenaries unfazed by treason, and capable commanders and knights
- Richard had valour, found in the middle of the fighting and killed Sir John Cheyney 1v1
- Duke of Norfolk and Richard died
- Northumberland watched from afar at the rear
- Stanley’s joined in at Richards weakest
- Richard stripped and displayed in Leicester for three days
- Rumour that bones had been dug up after burial and thrown into the river Soar
What happened on the 9th of April?
Edward IV dies
What happens on the 30th April 1483?
Earl Rivers, Richard Grey, Thomas Vaughn arrested by Gloucester and Buckingham, Edward V taken into their custody. Richard claims that they were traitors and planning their destruction
When is Richard appointed protector?
10 May 1483
What happens on the 23rd May 1483?
Gloucester, Buckingham and archbishops fail to persuade Elizabeth to leave sanctuary in Westminster Abbey
What happens between the 10-11 June 1483?
Gloucester writes to the cities of York and Hull, and Lord Neville asking for military support, telling the city of York especially of a plan by the queen to kill him to persuade them to his cause
What happens on the 13 June 1483?
Lord Hastings executed without a trial
