Wagner 'SOP' (improved) Model (15,16) Flashcards
What is re-acquisition, how does the RWM fail to explain this?
Re-acquisation - when after a US is extinguished, positive associative learning/conditioning is quicker than if CS was fully neutral
RWM predicts that CS would drop to 0 or even be negative, so learning should be the same or even slower. however learning about the CS is quicker
Spontaneous recovery is the _________, after some time, of a response that had been ________. RWM fails to account for this as it predicts what?
spontaneous recovery = reappearance of a response that had been extinguished.
RWM says that learning should have to occur for this to happen, which is not the reality
Wagner’s ‘SOP’ model stands for ________ _________ _________ or _________ _________ __________.
either
Standard operating procedure
or
sometimes opponent processes
The ‘SOP’ is an improvement on the RWM, as it explains everything the RWM model does, as well as what 2 main additional things, that the RWM failed to explain?
Latent Inhibition
One-trial overshadwing
Despite its improvements, the ‘SOP’ still fails to explain what 4 main things?
Extinction of pavlovian inhibitors
Downshift unblocking
spontaneous recovery
re-acquisition
What year did Wagner publish the ‘SOP’ model?
A 1966
B 1971
C1982
D1981
D 1981
Miller described the RWM as ____-_____, where the change in associative strength is computed after _____ _____, whereas the ‘SOP’ model operates more _________ in ____ _____.
RWM = trial wise, delta V calculated after each trial
Whereas ‘SOP’ operates more dynamically in real time
The ‘SOP’ can be described as elemental, what does this refer to?
Events like stimuli, are not stored as intact still images/photographs, but instead of divisible elements and representations.
Hebb’s law argues that cells that ______ _______, ______ ________
cells that wire together, fire together
Hebb’s law in terms of learning fails to explain the ________ of learning, as well as phenomena like ________.
fails to explain asymptote of learning
as well as blocking
Hebb’s law/ Konorski problem also implies that ______ and _________ conditioning would produce the same effect, simply because they occur __________.
Problem is that their idea suggest that forward and backward conditioning would produce the same effect, because they occur together
Wagner’s ‘SOP’ model can be thought of like Hebb’s model but with what difference?
A One main activity state
B Two different activity states
C Unlimited activity states
D No activity states
B Two different activity states
The ‘SOP’ model argues that Once a stimuli becomes activated, the stimuli nodes have 2 main states.
A1 is a state of high ______ and _________, however the stimulus node doesn’t ______ here for long, and A1 has _______ capacity
After the node in A1 state _____ it moves to A2, which is weaker. The A2 state is essentially ________ attention or a memory ______. It has a larger ______ than A1.
Two states of activity when CS/US are presented
A1 = high attention and perception of stimuli, However stimulus cannot stay here long, and A1 has limited capacity
A2 = after A1 state node decays, moved to A2. A2 state = peripheral attention or memory trace. Not in focal point. However larger capacity7 than A1.
There is also a third state called the _______ state, or ‘I’. This is when the stimulus node is not in our ______ at all, either before ________. or after it leaves
Inactive state (I), when stimulus node not in our attention. Either prior to activation or after it leaves A2.
A1 has a _____ capacity, whereas A2 and Inactive have an ________ capacity.
A1 = limited capacity
A2, I = unlimited capacity
How does the ‘SOP’ model explain one trial overshadowing?
In one trial overshadowing combining two stimuli means that each stimulus associative strength is worse, than if they were presented on their own.
There must be a maximum capacity so that one CS overshadows the other, shown by limited A1 capacity
True or false, both the CS and UCS can have these 3 different states of activity (A1, A2, I)
True
When a stimulus element is in its ‘A2’ state, Wagner described it as being _______
A Ready
B Warned
C Primed
D Signaled
C Primed
The ‘SOP’ model says that there is only an association change when the CS and UCS elements are in what combined states?
CS in A1, UCS in A1
CS in A1, UCS in A2
When the CS is in A1 , and the US is in A1, there is what change?
Excitatory change in association
When the CS is in A1, and the US is an A2, there is what change?
Inhibitory change in association
When the CS is in A2, and the US is in A1, there is what change?
no association change
Self-generated priming occurs in a _____.Stimulus elements become fully active, in ___ state, then fade to __ state, then become _______. If they become active again they return to __ state and the _____ can repeat.
self-generated priming occurs in a cycle
Fully active in A1, then fade to A2, then become active
If activated again they return to A1 hence he cycle
Retrieval generated priming is when an _______ stimulus element/representation, cannot immediately enter ___ state, but must go to the __ state.
Inactive stimulus cannot immediately enter A1 state but must go to A2 state.
At lambda the CS will _____ the UCS’s elements into the __ state. This is what generates the CR.
Lambda, the CS will prime the UCS elements into their A2 states
leading to the CR
UCS elements become activated by CS leading to a response
In classical conditioning, in early training stages, few UCS elements are ____ . However, as _____ builds up, priming builds up.
Early training - few UCS elements primed
As excitation builds up, priming builds up
If a CS elements and a UCS elements are in different A1/A2 states, what will occur.
Inhibitory associative learning or no associative ;earning
How does the ‘SOP’ explain blocking?
CS1 and US pairing causes initial pairing A1 states active
When CS2 and CS1 presented together, CS1 will prime the UCS elements into A2
Whilst the CS2 elements are still in A1, the shock/UCS elements are in A2, so CS2 wont be learnt about normally.
How does ‘SOP’ explain latent inhibition?
Pre-exposure to CS causes activation of its A1 state, before any CS-US pairing
When CS now paired with US, CS is in its A2 state (seen before), primed using retrieval-generated priming
Whilst US is in its A1 state (first time being seen)
Therefore CS US association will not be possible at first, CS must enter A1 state.
