Pavlovian Instrumental Interactions (7) Flashcards
In classical conditioning, with CS US pairings, you are unable to stop incidental ________ ________ between the CR and the CS
Cannot stop incidental instrumental learning in classical conditioning
In instrumental conditioning, we cannot prevent incidental __________ _______ between the CS and US
Cannot stop incidental classical conditioning in instrumental learning
In instrumental conditioning the response is ______ and _____-______, whereas in classical conditioning the conditioned response is _____ and heavily linked to the _______ _______
Instrumental - response is goal directed - can adapt to respond based on goal
Classical CR is rigid and linked to the UR
In Holland’s 1979 study, he used ________ conditioning by pairing a light with food, but then used ________ _________ to omit food, whenever the rats responded with the ________ behaviour
Light food pairing = classical
instrumental conditioning by omitting food when rats responded with magazine behaviour
What is evidence that instrumental conditioning took place in Holland’s 1979 study?
Rats learned not to respond when light came on as food would be taken away - negative punishment
In Holland’s (1979) study the yoked group received food every time what happened?
every time the partner in the group omission didnt respond
In experiment/version 2 by Holland (1979) the magazine behaviour for omission was replaced by?
A Mating behaviour
B Resting behavior
C Rearing behavior
D Cleaning behavior
C Rearing behavior
When the reward omitting behavior used was more natural, such as rearing behavior, what happened to the rats responses?
The rearing behavior responses decreased but did not eliminate
In Holland’s (1979) experiment, classical condition took place when the stimulus omitting behavior was more ________, such as ______ behavior, whereas instrumental conditioning took place when the stimulus omitting behavior was ______, such as ________ behavior
Classical conditioning when behavior was more natural - rearing behavior
Instrumental when behavior was learnt, such as magazine behavior
How did Grindley (1932) show that instrumental conditioning took place in guinea pigs?
Learned that if they turned head one way, get food response, but they could relearn that turning head the other way gets food response.
Heyes and Dawson (1990) showed that rats can learn a ________ by observing someone else _______ for a reward.
rats can learn a response by observing someone else respond for a reward
In instrumental conditioning some responses are _____ to elicit than others, and some ________ responses may ________ with the response you want to elicit.
some responses are harder to elicit than others
some involuntary responses may interfere with ones you want to elicit
Training rats to ___ to avoid a hocks is a lot easier than training rats to ____ ____ to avoid a shock.
raining rats to run to avoid easier than training rats to remain still to avoid
The _______ the hard-wired UR is to the UCS, the ______ it is to avoid it and teach a different response. Sometimes it is better to _____ _____ the classical responses.
The stronger connection between UR and UCS, harder it is to avoid and teach something else
sometimes better to work with/integrate classical CR’s
How do avoidance responses first begin in rats in instrumental conditioning?
Rats hear buzzer which acts as warning signal for shock
buzzer acts as classically conditioned stimulus to signal fear (shock)
rats learn avoidance response
If responding is motivated by something nice, and the CS predicts something nice we will respond ________
more
If responding is motivated by something nice, and the CS predicts something nasty we will respond ________
less
If responding is motivated by something nasty, and the CS predicts something nice we will respond ________
less
If responding is motivated by something nasty, and the CS predicts something nasty we will respond ________
more
Conditioned suppression is when ___________ predicts food, but a _____ (CS) signalling a shock reduces __________.
responding for food
however, tone which predicts shock reduces responding
Estes (1948) showed a basic pavlovian instrumental transfer by having rats do what?
Firstly pair a tone with food
then have rats press lever for food
then play tone, rats will respond by pressing lever
even without food
pavlovian instrumental transfer
PIT stands for ___________ ___________ ________
Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer
In PIT, the Pavlovian phase involves a pairing of a ____ with something _______ or _______. In the instrumental phase the subject either __________ for something nice or to avoid something nasty, or ______ _______ to receive something nice or avoid something nasty.
Pavlovian phase - pair CS with aversive or positive stimulus
Instrumental phase - respond to avoid aversive, or for reward, or dont respond to get reward, or to avoid aversive
In specific PIT,
If the pavlovian pairing predicts the same thing as the instrumental response is motivated by, this is _________ ____________
However if the pavlovian pairing predicts something different to what the instrumental response is motivated by, this is _____________ __________
congruent responding
incongruent responding
