Classical conditioning (2) Flashcards
Associations are unlearned/innate when _____________________ automatically ______________________. It is important to distinguish unlearned links from _________ ____.
when experiencing stimulus automatically triggers a response
important difference between unlearned links/associations and conditioned/learned links/associations
___ are essentially unlearned stimulus, as they elicit the ____. What is the example of this in Pavlov’s dogs???
UCS = unlearned stimulus, as they automatically trigger UCR
Example = Pavlov’s dogs, where food = UCS, and salivation = UCR
UCS often elicit a response because they have a
A Temporal Value
B Emotional Value
C Monetary Value
D Motivational Value
D Motivational Value
True or false, classical conditioning is a form of Stimulus response learning
False, the stimulus and the response are not directly associated. Th response is activated via a mental representation of the UCS.
When two stimuli are paired in classical conditioning, experiencing the now conditioned stimulus activates a ______ __________ of both the _____ and the now ________ _____
conditioned stimulus activates mental representations of UCS and conditioned response
In classical conditioning there are Pre-existing mental links and acquired mental links, what is the difference? And give an example
Pre - existing mental links are between UCS and UCR - i.e food and salivation
Acquired mental links are between CS and US - bell and food
If an oven timer sound is a CS, a baked cupcake is a UCS, and mouth watering is the CR, how are these 3 related/activated in classical conditioning. Describe the process.
Cupcake has pre-existing link with mouth watering.
Introduce oven timer sound so it pairs with cupcake
Mental acquired link now between cupcake and oven alarm
Experiencing oven timer creates a mental image of cupcake, which therefore causes salivation.
Salivation only reached when oven timer activates mental image of cupcake.
Oven timer doesn’t cause mouth watering directly, indirectly through cupcake.
The misconception that classical conditioning is stimulus response learning is based on principles by ____ and _______, who argued that all learning requires a ________ and a ________.
Hull and Thorndike thought that all learning requires a response and a reinforcer
What is auto shaping (pigeon example) ?
When a pigeon automatically pecks when a CS object is associated with CR, even if pecking is not required for food.
The conditioned response is so similar to the unconditioned response because the CS acts as a _________ for the UCS. Because of this the _______properties transfer from the ___ to the ____.
Substitute
Motivational properties then transfer from UCS to CS
Evaluative conditioning is when what happens?
the properties of the UCS (UCR, motivation, feelings etc) transfer over to the CS
What is an example of classical conditioning in day-to-day life?
A Advertising boards
B Magazine/newspaper adverts
C Television Adverts
D All of the above
D All of the above
Second order conditioning occurs when a second ______ ______, predicts the original _____ ______, which predicts the __________ _______
second conditioned stimulus predicts original conditioned stimulus which predicts the UCS
Sensory pre-conditioning can occur without an
A Unconditioned stimulus
B Conditioned stimulus
C Conditioned response
D Unconditioned response
D Occurs without an unconditioned response
In second order conditioning the ______________ is associated with the ____and generalized to the ______ __ whereas in sensory preconditioning the _____ is generalized to the ___ and ______ ___
Second order - UCS associated with CS and generalized to CS2
Sensory preconditioning = CR generalized to CS and CS2
In conditioning experiments where the reinforcer is food, this is called
A Appetitive conditioning
B Performative conditioning
C Motivational conditioning
D Formal conditioning
A Appetitive conditioning
When the reinforcer is _________, such as in shock experiments, the conditioned response is typically ________, or a lack of response. Therefore instead of measuring lever pressing we measure the ________ of lever pressing. This is known as _________ ___________ _________ procedure.
when reinforcer = aversive, CR is freezing rather than a positive action.
therefore we measure the suppression of positive action
this is called Conditioned emotional response procedure
What is the equation for suppression ratio
rate of responses during CS/ total rate of responses
*where total rate = rate of responses during CS + rate of responses before CS
What does a lower suppression ratio, such as 0.1, typically indicate?
A The rat doesn’t care about the CS
B The rate likes the CS
C The rat is afraid of the CS
D None of the above
C The rat is afraid of CS, as responses have dropped
With (appetitive) conditioning, the learning graph goes ____, however with suppressive conditioning, the learning graph goes _____.
Conditioning - graph goes up
suppressive conditioning, graph goes down
In conditioning, extinction occurs when the CS (bell) is presented without the _____. This leads to a _______ in the CR.
extinction occurs when CS presented without the positive UCS, leading to a decrease in Conditioned response
In suppressive conditioning, extinction occurs when the CS (tone) is presented without the ____. This leads to the ___________ ______ rising.
in suppressive, extinction = CS without the aversive UCS, leading to inc in suppression ratio
True or false, after extinction, the CS US association fully disappears
false, it can recover
The recovery of the CS UCS association after extinction is known as __________ _________
spontaneous recovery
Conditioned inhibition is when the addition of a ____ _______ _______ with the original CS, predicts the omission of the ________ _________. The new stimulus now ________ the CS
Conditioned inhibition is when addition of new negative stimulus, with original CS, predicts the omission of the UCS.
new stimulus inhibits CS
During extinction, the omission of the UCS does not eliminate ________ _______ but instead adds _______ _______, counteracting the original conditioning. The CS now predicts the _______ of the UCS
Omission of UCS does not eliminate original learning but adds inhibitory learning
CS now predicts Omission of UCS
