W9: Invertebrate Physiology (Introduction Arthropods To Insects) [Dr. Blair] Flashcards
Topics we spoke about under Basic Arthropod Classification? (4)
- Main divisions.
- Body structure of vertebrates.
- Cambrian “Explosion”.
- Main orders in South Africa (common orders & familiar families).
What percentage of all life forms are Arthropods?
Major proportions of life forms on Earth to consider under Invertebrate physiology? (4)
- Arachnids.
- Chordates.
- Crustaceans.
- Insects.
Which phyla emerged after the Cambrian explosion? (2)
- Arthropoda (Arthropods).
- Chordata (Chordates).
Arthropoda?
= largest phylum that includes invertebrates like insects, spiders, crustaceans & millipedes.
Chordata?
= phylum that includes animals that, at some point of their development, a notochord like vertebrates (mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians).
Two organisms to note that occurred during/after the Cambrian explosion?
- Anomalocaris.
- Hallucigenia (the original).
Anomalocaris?
= an extinct genus that lived during the Cambrian period (~500 million years ago).
Anomalocaris attributes? (3)
- Belonged to a group of animals called Radiodonta, which was closely related to early arthropods.
- Had large, compound eyes similar to modern-day arthropods (enabled excellent vision for hunting).
- Important for understanding the evolution of complex life forms & the early history of arthropods.
Hallucigenia attributes? (3)
- Arthropod precursor.
- Belonged to a group called lobopodians, which are closely related to modern arthropods.
- Represent an early step in the evolutionary tree that eventually led to the development of arthropods.
What are the main phyla/subphyla of Arthropods? (4)
- Trilobitamorpha.
- Chelicerata.
- Crustacea.
- Uniramia.
Class under Trilobitamorpha?
Trilobita.
Trilobita attributes? (5)
- Extinct group of marine arthropods.
- Distinct , 3 body parts (lobes).
- 1 pair of antennae.
- Gills.
- Most famous fossils used for dating rock layers.
Trilobita animals?
Trilobites.
Chelicerata classes? (3)
- Merostomata.
- Arachnids.
- Pycnogonida.
Merostomata attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- Gills.
- Body plan = cephalothorax (prosoma), gnathobases, abdomen (opisthosoma) & tail (telson).
Merostomata animals?
Horseshoe crabs.
Arachnids: Scorpions attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- 8 legs (1st pair = pincers).
- Body plan (3) = cephalothorax (prosoma), abdomen (opisthosoma) & tail (telson).
Arachnids: Tailless whip scorpions (amblypigi) attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- 8 legs (1st pair = pincers).
- Body plan (2) = abdomen & cephalothorax.
Arachnids: Solifugids attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- 8 legs.
- Body plan (3): cephalothorax, abdomen & cheliceraa.
Arachnids: True spiders attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- 8 legs.
- Body plan (4): abdomen, cephalothorax, pedipalps & chelicerae.
Arachnids: Ticks attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- 8 legs.
- Body plan (2): abdomen & cephalothorax.
Arachnids animals? (5)
- Scorpions.
- Tailless whip scorpions (Amblypigi).
- un spiders/Red romans (Solifugids).
- True spiders.
- Ticks.
When should one worry about a scorpion sting? (3)
- Highly venomous scorpion
= small pincers + thick tail. - Mildly venomous scorpion
= big pincers + thin tail.
Therefore, when a scorpion has smaller pincers & thick tail.
When should one worry about a spider bite? (4)
Medically significant spider bites are from:
- Black button spider (neurotoxic venom).
- Brown button spider (neurotoxic venom).
- Violin spider (cytotoxic venom).
- Long-legged sac spider (cytotoxic venom).
Pycnogonida attributes? (4)
- 2 body parts.
- No antennae.
- 8 legs.
- Body plan (2): abdomen & cephalothorax.
Pycnogonida animals?
Sea spiders.
Crustacea classes? (3)
- Malacostra.
- Amphipoda.
- Cirripedia.
Malacostra animals? (3)
- Crabs.
- Shrimps.
- Lobsters.
Crustaceans: Malacostra attributes? (5)
- 2 body parts.
- Gills.
- Biramous antennae.
- Nauplius larva.
- Body plan (3): cephalothorax, abdomen & tail.
Crustaceans: Amphipoda attributes? (3)
- 2 body parts.
- Biramous antennae.
- Terrestrial crustacean (not an insect).
Amphipoda animals?
Wood louse.
Crustaceans: Cirripedia attributes? (2)
- Sedentary crustaceans.
- Motile larvae.
Cirripedia animals?
Barnacles.