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Nutrition & Metabolism > W8 - Micronutrients - Vitamins > Flashcards

W8 - Micronutrients - Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What type of organic molecules are vitamins?

A

Essential organic

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2
Q

Can vitamins be made in the body?

A

NO

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3
Q

How many vitamins have been ID?

A

13

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4
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B1 to B12 + C

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5
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E + K

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6
Q

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in the eyes

A

A

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7
Q

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in the teeth

A

A, D, C

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8
Q

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in blood clotting

A

K

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9
Q

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in cell membranes

A

E

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10
Q

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in blood formation

A

B6

B12

Folate

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11
Q

Biological functions

Vitamin/s that have a purpose in blood cells

A

E

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12
Q

What are the antioxidant vitamins?

A

A, C + E

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13
Q

Why are antioxidant vitamins important?

A

Because:

Free radicals are released during exercise.

Free radicals = highly reactive + may precipitate fatigue + result in tissue damage.

Antioxidant vitamins can stop these from accumulating = preventing oxidative damage.

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14
Q

What can antioxidant vitamins also offer protection against?

A

Heart disease

Cancer

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15
Q

What are water soluble vitamins destroyed by?

A

High temps

Bright light

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16
Q

Which water soluble vitamins are needed for energy release?

A

B1,2,3,5,6,7

REMEMBER = they don’t provide energy

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17
Q

Which water soluble vitamins are important for RBC production?

A

B5,6,9,12

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18
Q

Which pathway do B vitamins help?

A

Glycolytic pathway ONLY

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19
Q

What may the result of vitamin B deficiency be?

A

Beriberi

Which could result in muscle weakness, anorexia + ⬆️ HR

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20
Q

To what kind of ind can a deficiency in B1 happen to?

A

Those who eat a lot of processed food

Alcoholics

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21
Q

In what food can B1 be found?

A

Whole grains

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22
Q

What can a deficiency in B2 result in?

A

Ariboflavinosis (sores in mouth)

23
Q

What is vitamin C also known as?

A

Ascorbic acid

24
Q

What is required to help with iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C

25
Q

How much vitamin C do we need a day?

A

10-1000 mg / day

26
Q

What can be the result of too much Vitamin C?

A

GI distress

Kidney oxalate stone formation

27
Q

What can be the result of too little vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

Poor health

28
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of scurvy?

A

Stage1 = Fatigue

Stage 2 = Bleeding in the gums

Stage 3 = anaemia

Stage 4 = High fever

29
Q

What can scurvy lead to?

A

Death

Due to haemorrhaging in the heart + brain

30
Q

What can vitamin C do in regards to free radicals?

A

Can quench them

31
Q

Where can vitamin A be obtained from?

A

Plant (b-carotene)

Animal sources (retinol)

32
Q

What is vitamin A stored as?

A

Retinyl esters

33
Q

What is vitamin A carried alongside fat in when from your gut?

A

Alongside fat in chylomicrons

34
Q

How is vitamin A stored in the body?

A

Retinal esters in liver until needed somewhere else in the body

35
Q

What can a deficiency in vitamin A result in?

A

Loss of vision

Skin issues

36
Q

What would acute overdose of Vitamin a lead to?

A

Nausea

Vomiting

Potentially blurred vision

37
Q

What would a chronic overdose of vitamin a lead to?

A

Issues w/ liver, muscles, joints and bones

Hair loss

In postmenopausal women - can ⬆️ fracture risk

38
Q

What is the active form of vitamin D?

A

Calciferol

39
Q

Where is vitamin D activated?

A

Liver + kidneys

40
Q

Where in your body is vitamin D important for?

A

Bones

Kidneys

Intestine

41
Q

What is vitamin D good for in our bodys?

A

Regulating calcium balance

Urinary excretion

Intestinal absorption

42
Q

What can a deficiency in vitamin D result in?

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

Osteoporosis

43
Q

What can a toxicity in vitamin D result in?

A

Hypercalcaemia / Hypercalcuria

Bone demineralisation

44
Q

Functions of vitamin E

A

Most potent vitamin antioxidant

Selenium metabolism

45
Q

Food sources for vitamin E

A

Nuts

Wheat gern

Veg oils

Margarine

46
Q

What can high doses of vitamin E interfere with?

A

Absorption of vitamins A + K

47
Q

What is vitamin K synthesised by?

A

Gut bacteria

48
Q

What can be the result of vitamin K deficiency

A

Bloody vomit

Bleeding into joint capsules

Bruising or bleeding gums

49
Q

What can toxicity of vitamin K result in?

A

Jaundice

Anaemia

Hyperbilirubinemia

50
Q

What is vitamin D made out of?

A

Cholesterol

51
Q

Which vitamin is found in high conc in the liver?

A

A

52
Q

What vitamins do most athletes have above RDA?

A

Riboflavin

Pyridoxine

C

53
Q

Which category of vitamins can you overdose on?

A

Fat soluble

54
Q

What is the increased need of energy releasing B vitamins during exercise due to?

A

⬆️ metabolism

Biochemical adaptations

Tissue + mitochondrial damage

Enzyme + energy prod

Nutrition & Metabolism (17 decks)

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