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Nutrition & Metabolism > Extra Qs (From ELE + Past Papers) > Flashcards

Extra Qs (From ELE + Past Papers) Flashcards

1
Q

What does LRNI stand for?

A

Lower reference nutrient intake

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2
Q

What is the adenylate kinase reaction most closely associated with?

A

High exercise intensities

Low muscle pH

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3
Q

On average, how many kcal are produced when 1L of O2 is consumed?

A

5

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4
Q

What is the gold standard measurement of energy expenditure in a human?

A

Doubly labelled water

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5
Q

What would be the preferred and easiest method of energy intake assessment if you wanted to establish eating patterns of a population sample over the course of a year?

A

FFQ

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6
Q

Where are proteins broken down?

A

Stomach

Duodenum

Ileum

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7
Q

What feeling does CCK promote?

A

Feelings of fullness

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8
Q

When is CCK stimulated?

A

When fat is present?

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9
Q

How much gross energy (kcal) is produced from the complete breakdown of protein?

A

5.65

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10
Q

What enzyme catalyses the conversion of glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive) to glycogen phosphorylase a (active)?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase kinase

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11
Q

What is the function of gastrin?

A

stimulates glands to secrete HCL acid & pepsinogen in the stomach

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12
Q

What is important for De novo lipogenesis?

A

Acetyl co A

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13
Q

The ubiquitin protease system may be particularly important following exercise, because…

A

It targets specific proteins

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14
Q

In normal healthy individuals body proteins can be excreted as…

A

Skin

Hair

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15
Q

Which two electrolytes are the main minerals contained in plasma and extracellular fluids?

A

Sodium + chlorine

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16
Q

Which hormone most commonly increases satiety?

A

GLP-1

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17
Q

When do ketone bodies form?

A

When lipid oxidation predominates

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18
Q

Resting metabolic rate contributes ________% to total daily energy expenditure

A

60-75%

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19
Q

What does Obligatory thermogenesis refer to?

A

Energy needed to digest, absorb + assimilate food nutrients.

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20
Q

Where are polysaccharides broken down?

A

Mouth

Micro-villi

Duodenum

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21
Q

In what tissue/s can G-6-Phosphatase be found?

A

Liver

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22
Q

What is the a-ketoacid of alanine?

A

Pyruvate

23
Q

What happens to net balance following resistance exercise only

A

Increases but remains -ive

24
Q

Thiamin deficiency can result in a condition known as

A

Beriberi

25
Q

What factor might help suppress appetite after exercise

A

Elevated body temp

26
Q

Fatty acid oxidation is highest at what exercise intensity?

A

40-70% VO2max

27
Q

What does EAR stand for?

A

Estimated avg requirement

28
Q

What does AI stand for?

A

Adequate intake

29
Q

What is the difference between the RQ and RER?

A

RQ = Representation of metabolic GE in cell.

RER = Representation of metabolic GE in lungs.

30
Q

What is the most potent regulator of ATP resynthesis?

A

AMP conc.

31
Q

1 L of O2 consumption w/ a mixed diet releases how many kJ of energy?

A

21

32
Q

What enzyme enables the triglyceride from the chylomicron to enter the cell?

A

LPL

33
Q

Which enzyme released from the pancreas helps the digestion of protein?

A

Trypsin

34
Q

Is fructose uptake insulin dependent?

A

NO

35
Q

What is the process called when fatty acids join with glycerol to make a triglyceride after they have been through lipolysis?

A

Re-esterification

36
Q

Which vitamins could be stored in adipose tissue?

A

ADEK

37
Q

Which of the following nutritional aids has been shown to be beneficial to immune function during intensified periods of training?

a. vitamin k
b. calcium
c. fat
d. protein

A

Protein

38
Q

When is hypoglycaemia reached?

A

When blood sugar is less than 4 mmol

39
Q

In aerobic oxidation, what must happen so beta-oxidation can occur?

A

Oxygen must join with hydrogen

40
Q

Excess consumption of which vitamin has the same symptoms as insufficient intake?

A

D

41
Q

Which part of the energy transfer chain do FAs get accepted in?

A

B-oxidation

42
Q

EQUATION for energy balance

A

EI = (RMR + TEF) + PAEE

43
Q

If a 70kg male who is highly trained runs a 10km race in 38 minutes which estimation of kcal used is the best?

A

700kcal

44
Q

Skeletal muscle glycogen cannot enter the general circulation as glucose because skeletal muscle does not contain which of the following enzymes?

a. phosphofructokinase
b. Hexokinase
c. Glycogen phosphorylase
d. Glucose-6-phosphatase

A

G-6-P

45
Q

What provides the largest avenue for lipid transport in the blood?

A

Lipoproteins

46
Q

What is the largest store of lipid in the body?

A

Adipose tissue

47
Q

What activates HSL?

A

Cyclic AMP

48
Q

What proportion of total amino acid uptake by the liver during exercise is made up of alanine?

A

50%

49
Q

Deficiency of B12 leads to what disease?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

50
Q

Generally speaking, what percentage of VO2max is fat oxidation highest?

A

65%

51
Q

What percentage of total energy expenditure is resting metabolic rate typically?

A

65-75%

52
Q

What does high intensity exercise do in terms of appetite and hunger?

A

Suppresses appetite

53
Q

What effect does dietary nitrate ingestion have on VO2 at submaximal exercise intensities? (exclude elite athletes)

A

Decreases

Nutrition & Metabolism (17 decks)

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