Extra Qs (From ELE + Past Papers) Flashcards
What does LRNI stand for?
Lower reference nutrient intake
What is the adenylate kinase reaction most closely associated with?
High exercise intensities
Low muscle pH
On average, how many kcal are produced when 1L of O2 is consumed?
5
What is the gold standard measurement of energy expenditure in a human?
Doubly labelled water
What would be the preferred and easiest method of energy intake assessment if you wanted to establish eating patterns of a population sample over the course of a year?
FFQ
Where are proteins broken down?
Stomach
Duodenum
Ileum
What feeling does CCK promote?
Feelings of fullness
When is CCK stimulated?
When fat is present?
How much gross energy (kcal) is produced from the complete breakdown of protein?
5.65
What enzyme catalyses the conversion of glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive) to glycogen phosphorylase a (active)?
Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
What is the function of gastrin?
stimulates glands to secrete HCL acid & pepsinogen in the stomach
What is important for De novo lipogenesis?
Acetyl co A
The ubiquitin protease system may be particularly important following exercise, because…
It targets specific proteins
In normal healthy individuals body proteins can be excreted as…
Skin
Hair
Which two electrolytes are the main minerals contained in plasma and extracellular fluids?
Sodium + chlorine
Which hormone most commonly increases satiety?
GLP-1
When do ketone bodies form?
When lipid oxidation predominates
Resting metabolic rate contributes ________% to total daily energy expenditure
60-75%
What does Obligatory thermogenesis refer to?
Energy needed to digest, absorb + assimilate food nutrients.
Where are polysaccharides broken down?
Mouth
Micro-villi
Duodenum
In what tissue/s can G-6-Phosphatase be found?
Liver
What is the a-ketoacid of alanine?
Pyruvate
What happens to net balance following resistance exercise only
Increases but remains -ive
Thiamin deficiency can result in a condition known as
Beriberi
What factor might help suppress appetite after exercise
Elevated body temp
Fatty acid oxidation is highest at what exercise intensity?
40-70% VO2max
What does EAR stand for?
Estimated avg requirement
What does AI stand for?
Adequate intake
What is the difference between the RQ and RER?
RQ = Representation of metabolic GE in cell.
RER = Representation of metabolic GE in lungs.
What is the most potent regulator of ATP resynthesis?
AMP conc.
1 L of O2 consumption w/ a mixed diet releases how many kJ of energy?
21
What enzyme enables the triglyceride from the chylomicron to enter the cell?
LPL
Which enzyme released from the pancreas helps the digestion of protein?
Trypsin
Is fructose uptake insulin dependent?
NO
What is the process called when fatty acids join with glycerol to make a triglyceride after they have been through lipolysis?
Re-esterification
Which vitamins could be stored in adipose tissue?
ADEK
Which of the following nutritional aids has been shown to be beneficial to immune function during intensified periods of training?
a. vitamin k
b. calcium
c. fat
d. protein
Protein
When is hypoglycaemia reached?
When blood sugar is less than 4 mmol
In aerobic oxidation, what must happen so beta-oxidation can occur?
Oxygen must join with hydrogen
Excess consumption of which vitamin has the same symptoms as insufficient intake?
D
Which part of the energy transfer chain do FAs get accepted in?
B-oxidation
EQUATION for energy balance
EI = (RMR + TEF) + PAEE
If a 70kg male who is highly trained runs a 10km race in 38 minutes which estimation of kcal used is the best?
700kcal
Skeletal muscle glycogen cannot enter the general circulation as glucose because skeletal muscle does not contain which of the following enzymes?
a. phosphofructokinase
b. Hexokinase
c. Glycogen phosphorylase
d. Glucose-6-phosphatase
G-6-P
What provides the largest avenue for lipid transport in the blood?
Lipoproteins
What is the largest store of lipid in the body?
Adipose tissue
What activates HSL?
Cyclic AMP
What proportion of total amino acid uptake by the liver during exercise is made up of alanine?
50%
Deficiency of B12 leads to what disease?
Megaloblastic anemia
Generally speaking, what percentage of VO2max is fat oxidation highest?
65%
What percentage of total energy expenditure is resting metabolic rate typically?
65-75%
What does high intensity exercise do in terms of appetite and hunger?
Suppresses appetite
What effect does dietary nitrate ingestion have on VO2 at submaximal exercise intensities? (exclude elite athletes)
Decreases
