W1 - Basic Nutrients Flashcards
In the general formula of a CHO - (CH2O)n
What numbers do the n range from?
3 to 7
CHO
By what type of bond, single or double, do the H atoms attach to the oxygen atoms?
Single
Except for lactose and some glycogen.
What distinguishes each CHO form?
No. of simple sugars linked w/in each of the molecules.
What are the 3 major monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What can glucose also be called?
Dextrose
Gluconeogenesis occurs primarily in the liver from the carbon residues of other compounds. List these
aa
glycerol
pyruvate
lactate
After the small intestine absorbs glucose, it can
follow 1 of 3 pathways. List these
- Available as energy sources for cellular metabolism
- Form glycogen for storage in liver + muscles
- Convert to TAG for later use as energy
When are oligosaccharides formed?
When 2 to 10 monosaccharides chemically bond.
What are monosaccharides and disaccharides collectively known as?
Simple sugars
What forms sucrose?
Glucose + fructose
What forms lactose?
Glucose + galactose
What forms maltose?
2 glucose
What are polysaccharides
3 or + sugar mol linked together
When do polysaccharides form?
During dehydration synthesis
What % of dietary fats do triaclyglycerols comprise of?
95%
Structure of phospholipids
Glycerol backbone
2 FA (non-polar)
Polar head w/ phosphoric acid residue
Sterol structure
Arranged in a ring structure w/ associated side chains
What is the main sterol
Cholesterol
Dietary reference values (DRV)
Term for a set of nutrient reference values that include:
AR
PRI
RI
What does RDA stand for?
Recommended Dietary Allowance
According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be total CHO
50%
According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be CHO of which free sugars
No more than 5% daily food energy
According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be total fat
No more than 35%
According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be total fat of which saturates
No more than 11%
According to the DRV, what amount of daily food energy should be protein
0.74 g / KgBM / day
According to the DRV, what amount of daily food energy should be salt (from 11 yrs)
6g / day
According to the DRV, what amount of daily food energy should be fibre (from 17 yrs)
30g / day
At rest in well-nourished ind. what % of the bodys total energy requirement does protein catabolism contribute to?
2-5%
What does excessive protein catabolism promote?
Fluid loss as urea needs to dissolve in H20 for excretion.
What happens to the amount of plasma urea as exercise progresses?
increases.
What does AR stand for?
Average requirement
What does PRI stand for?
Population ref intake
What does RI stand for?
Ref intake range for macronutrients
