W1 - Basic Nutrients

Question 1

In the general formula of a CHO - (CH2O)n

What numbers do the n range from?

Answer 1

3 to 7

Question 2

CHO

By what type of bond, single or double, do the H atoms attach to the oxygen atoms?

Answer 2

Single

Except for lactose and some glycogen.

Question 3

What distinguishes each CHO form?

Answer 3

No. of simple sugars linked w/in each of the molecules.

Question 4

What are the 3 major monosaccharides

Answer 4

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

Question 5

What can glucose also be called?

Answer 5

Dextrose

Question 6

Gluconeogenesis occurs primarily in the liver from the carbon residues of other compounds. List these

Answer 6

aa

glycerol

pyruvate

lactate

Question 7

After the small intestine absorbs glucose, it can

follow 1 of 3 pathways. List these

Answer 7

1. Available as energy sources for cellular metabolism
2. Form glycogen for storage in liver + muscles
3. Convert to TAG for later use as energy

Question 8

When are oligosaccharides formed?

Answer 8

When 2 to 10 monosaccharides chemically bond.

Question 9

What are monosaccharides and disaccharides collectively known as?

Answer 9

Simple sugars

Question 10

What forms sucrose?

Answer 10

Glucose + fructose

Question 11

What forms lactose?

Answer 11

Glucose + galactose

Question 12

What forms maltose?

Answer 12

2 glucose

Question 13

What are polysaccharides

Answer 13

3 or + sugar mol linked together

Question 14

When do polysaccharides form?

Answer 14

During dehydration synthesis

Question 15

What % of dietary fats do triaclyglycerols comprise of?

Answer 15

95%

Question 16

Structure of phospholipids

Answer 16

Glycerol backbone

2 FA (non-polar)

Polar head w/ phosphoric acid residue

Question 17

Sterol structure

Answer 17

Arranged in a ring structure w/ associated side chains

Question 18

What is the main sterol

Answer 18

Cholesterol

Question 19

Dietary reference values (DRV)

Answer 19

Term for a set of nutrient reference values that include:

AR
PRI
RI

Question 20

What does RDA stand for?

Answer 20

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Question 21

According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be total CHO

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be CHO of which free sugars

Answer 22

No more than 5% daily food energy

Question 23

According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be total fat

Answer 23

No more than 35%

Question 24

According to the DRV, what % of daily food energy should be total fat of which saturates

Answer 24

No more than 11%

Question 25

According to the DRV, what amount of daily food energy should be protein

Answer 25

0.74 g / KgBM / day

Question 26

According to the DRV, what amount of daily food energy should be salt (from 11 yrs)

Answer 26

6g / day

Question 27

According to the DRV, what amount of daily food energy should be fibre (from 17 yrs)

Answer 27

30g / day

Question 28

At rest in well-nourished ind. what % of the bodys total energy requirement does protein catabolism contribute to?

Answer 28

2-5%

Question 29

What does excessive protein catabolism promote?

Answer 29

Fluid loss as urea needs to dissolve in H20 for excretion.

Question 30

What happens to the amount of plasma urea as exercise progresses?

Answer 30

increases.

Question 31

What does AR stand for?

Answer 31

Average requirement

Question 32

What does PRI stand for?

Answer 32

Population ref intake

Question 33

What does RI stand for?

Answer 33

Ref intake range for macronutrients