W11 - Integrating - Metabolic States Flashcards
Why is the liver also known as the glucostat?
Maintains the bodys glucose supply.
What is glucose used for in RBCs?
To make lactate via glycolysis.
What are the ways in which skeletal muscle can have glucose available to it?
Taking up glucose from blood.
Making its own by glycogenolysis from glycogen already in muscle.
What are the 2 fates of pyruvate in skeletal muscle?
Transaminate to alanine.
Convert to lactate.
By what process is TG broken down into FA + glycerol in adipose tissue?
Glycolysis
What are the 2 fates of FA in the liver?
Oxidised
Stored as TAG
What happens to the lactate from the skeletal muscle + RBCs?
Taken up by liver
What can happen to glucose in the fed state in each of the organs?
Brain - Oxidised.
Adipose tissue - Stored as TG
Liver - Converted to glycogen or pyruvate, then could be fats.
Skeletal muscle - Converted to glycogen, lactate +/or CO2.
When does ketogenesis happen in the fasting/starvation state?
Low insulin
High lipolysis
High Acetyl-CoA
What does the binding of 2 Acetyl-CoA produce?
Acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA
Can then be converted to Acetoacetate
What can acetoacetate be split into?
Beta-hydroxybutyrate
Acetone
(Both ketones)
What can ketones be used for?
To make acetyl-coA
Where does the making of acetyl-CoA from ketones happen?
Muscle
Brain
Heart
NOT liver
What is considered as being in a fasting state?
Not having eaten for 18hrs
