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anatomy & physiology > W8 - face, tongue + velum > Flashcards

W8 - face, tongue + velum Flashcards

1
Q

muscles for facial expressions

A
  • produce facial expressions
  • non-verbal communication
  • high number of fast twitch muscle fibers - (quick movements)
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2
Q

upper face

A
  • Occipitofrontalis (top of head)
  • Orbicularis oculi (eyes)
  • Procerus (between eyebrows)
  • Corrugator supercilii (deep to eyebrows)
  • Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (laterally to nose)
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3
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Front (frontalis)
~ raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead

Occipital (occipitalis)
~ retracts scalp

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4
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Circular muscle (sphincter) surrounding the eyes (closes the eyes)

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5
Q

Procerus

A
  • Located vertically between the eyebrows
  • Depresses medial aspect of eyebrows which produces wrinkles
  • Involved in frowning
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6
Q

Corrugator supercilii

A
  • located deep to skin of eyebrows
  • produces vertical wrinkles
  • frowning muscle
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7
Q

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A
  • located laterally to the nose & superior to the upper lip
  • elevates upper lip
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8
Q

middle face

A
  • Nasalis
  • Zygomaticus major
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Buccinator
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9
Q

Nasalis

A

Transverse part (runs across nose)
~ compresses nostrils
~ wrinkles skin of dorsum of nose

Alar part (~ dilator naris)

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10
Q

Zygomaticus major

A
  • Extends diagonally from the zygomatic bone
  • Draws angle of the mouth superolaterally
  • Involved in smiling/laughing
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11
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A
  • Extends diagonally from the zygomatic bone
  • elevates upper lip & involved in smiling
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12
Q

Levator labii superioris

A
  • located superiorly to lip
  • elevates upper lip
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13
Q

Levator anguli oris

A
  • extends superiorly from the mouth
  • elevates angle of the mouth
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14
Q

Buccinator

A
  • muscle of the cheek
  • compresses teeth against cheek
  • assists with mastication
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15
Q

lower face

A
  • Risorius
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Mentalis
  • Platysma
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16
Q

Risorius

A
  • extends laterally from the angle of the mouth
  • draws mouth laterally
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17
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A
  • located inferior to the lower lip (depresses lower lip)
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18
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A
  • extends inferiorly from the angle of the mouth (depresses mouth angle)
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19
Q

Orbicularis oris

A
  • circular muscle surrounding the mouth
  • closes the mouth
  • assists with mastication
  • labial consonants
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20
Q

mentalis

A
  • located on chin
  • protrudes lower lip (pouting muscle)
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21
Q

Platysma

A
  • located superficially on the neck
  • tense neck skin
  • Draws lower lip & angle of mouth inferolaterally
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22
Q

innervation of facial muscles

A

All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII), via its motor root

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23
Q

5 branches of muscles

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • mandibular
  • cervical
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24
Q

upper facial muscles -innervation

A

~ Upper facial muscles receive bilateral cortical innervation (both sides of the brain)

~ Brain injury – upper face is unaffected

25
Q

lower facial muscles - innervation

A

~ Lower facial muscles receive contralateral cortical innervation (innervation from one side of the brain)

~ Brain injury – lower face is affected on the opposite side to where the damage is

26
Q

tongue components

A
  • body
  • tip
  • blade
  • dorsum
  • root (base)
27
Q

tongue - tip (function)

A
  • most anterior part
  • (t, d, z) sounds
  • pushes food for swallowing
28
Q

Oral part (palatal surface)

A
  • anterior 2/3 - tip, blade & dorsum

composed of
- Foramen cecum
- Sulcus terminalis
- Median sulcus
- papillae

29
Q

Pharyngeal part/surface

A
  • posterior 1/3 - root

composed of
~ Lingual tonsil (covers entire surface)
~ Epiglottis
~ Gloss epiglottic folds

30
Q

types of papillae

A
  • circumvallate
  • floiate
  • fungiform
  • filiform
31
Q

tongue - sensory innervation

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
- Lingual (tongue) nerve

Facial nerve (CN VII)
- chorda tympani – joins lingual nerve to reach anterior 2/3 of tongue

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- Innervates posterior third of the tongue
- (taste & general sensation)

32
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • alter its position
33
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • alter its shape
34
Q

what nerve is the tongue innervated by

A
  • all muscles = HYPOGLOSSAL (CNXII)
  • except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve
35
Q

tongue movements

A
  • shortening & elongating
  • narrowing & widening
  • curling & flattening
  • elevation & depression
  • protrusion & retrusion
36
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

~ four paired muscles
~ alter the shape of the tongue
~ important for speech

37
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue components

A
  • Superior longitudinal
  • inferior longitudinal
  • transverse (elongates)
  • vertical (widens/flattens)
38
Q

superior & inferior longitudinal

A
  • both shorten tongue
  • SL = curls tip & sides superiorly
  • IL = curls tip inferiorly
39
Q

transverse - tongue

A

elongates & narrows tongue

40
Q

vertical tongue

A

widens & flattens tongue

41
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

~ Originate OUTSIDE the tongue
~ insert within the tongue
~ alter the position of the tongue

42
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue components

A
  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglossus
43
Q

genioglossus

A
  • Superior mental spine of mandible
  • Depresses, protrudes tongue
44
Q

hyoglossus

A
  • body & greater horn of hyoid bone
  • depresses & retracts tongue
45
Q

styloglossus

A
  • Styloid process of temporal bone
  • retracts tongue
  • curls sides superiorly for swallowing
46
Q

palatoglossus

A
  • soft palate
  • elevates posterior tongue
47
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A
  • 4 muscles paired
  • Located superior to the hyoid bone
  • elevate the hyoid bone when swallowing
48
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
49
Q

mylohyoid

A

Origin
- Mylohyoid line of mandible

Insertion
- Body of hyoid bone

Actions
- Elevates hyoid bone
- Elevates floor or oral cavity

Innervation
- indirect branch of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

50
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Origin
- Inferiors mental spine of mandible

Insertion
- Body of hyoid bone

Actions
- Elevates hyoid bone
- Pulls hyoid bone anteriorly

Innervation
-C1 spinal nerve, via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

51
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Origin
- styloid process of temporal bone

Insertion
- Body of hyoid bone

Actions
- Elevates hyoid bone & Pulls it posteriorly

Innervation
- branch of facial nerve (CNVII)

52
Q

digastric

A

origin
- anterior belly = digastric fossa of mandible

  • posterior belly = mastoid notch of temporal bone

insertion
- body of hyoid bone via intermediate tendon

actions
- elevates hyoid bone
- depresses mandible against resistance

innervartion
- Anterior belly = indirect branch of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

  • Posterior belly = Branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
53
Q

velum soft palate

A
  • Forms part of the roof of the oral cavity
  • can be depressed, elevated and tense
54
Q

Musculo-membranous structure:

A
  • Anterior 1/3: palatine aponeurosis (connective tissue)
  • Posterior 2/3: palatine muscles
  • important for closing off the upper airway (nasopharynx) during Swallowing
  • Velopharyngeal (or palatopharyngeal) closure
55
Q

palatine muscles

A
  • Tensor veli palatini
  • levator veli palatini
  • palatglossus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • musculus uvulae
56
Q

palatine muscles - elevators

A
  • LVP
    = elevates velum
  • musculus uvulae
    = elevates & shorterns uvula
57
Q

palatine muscles - depressors

A
  • Palatoglossus
    = depresses velum
  • Palatopharyngeal
    = elevates pharynx in swallowing
58
Q

tensors

A
  • TVP
    = tenses velum & opens auditory tube during swallowing
59
Q

palatine muscles

A
  • all palatine muscles (except TVP) are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

TVP = innervated by (CN V3)

anatomy & physiology (11 decks)

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