W4 flashcards

Question 1

thorax

Answer 1

= The area of the body between the neck and the abdomen

• consists of the 12 thoracic vertebrae
• Respiration requires muscular effort

Question 2

respiration - mechanism

Answer 2

1) The thoracic rib cage acts as a mechanical pump for the lungs

2) The lungs must stick to the walls of the thoracic activity

3) Muscles acting on the ribs and bony thorax drive the pump

Question 3

parietal pleura - breathing

Answer 3

• covers lungs + lines interior wall of the chest cavity
  allows lungs to slide along easily
• therefore, assists expansion & contraction of lungs to breathe

Question 4

conchae - sinuses

Answer 4

covered by mucus membrane

increase SA:V so they can provide a humidifying air that passes through before it enters the lungs

Question 5

thorax - breathing

Answer 5

inspiration = the diaphragm contracts & pulls downward
the muscles between the ribs also contract & pull upward

This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside.

therefore = air moves in and fills the lungs

Question 6

boyles law

Answer 6

outlines that if an amount of gas has a certain temperature, increasing its volume = a decrease in pressure

Question 7

boyles law - breathing

Answer 7

inspiration = size of thoracic cavity increases when the lungs expand

this increases the volume
causing pressure in lungs to decrease - due to air coming in

Question 8

pleural membranes & fluid support lung movement

Answer 8

PM & PF form seal in inner thoracic wall

seal allows thoracic cavity to change size, shape, volume

Question 9

expiration process

Answer 9

volume of thoracic activity decreases

pressure within lungs increases

diagphram = returns to resting position

external intercostal muscles
= relax & reduce thoracic cavity

Question 10

tidal volume

Answer 10

amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs within each respiratory cycle

Question 11

inspiration process

Answer 11

volume of thoracic activity increases

pressure within lungs decreases

diagphram flattens = contracts

external intercostal muscles = elevate ribs & sternum (air in)

Question 12

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 12

amount of air forcibly inhaled after normal tidal volume (deep breathing)

Question 13

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 13

extra air above the normal volume that can be forcefully exhaled out (exercise)

Question 14

tidal capacity

Answer 14

total useable volume of the lungs that you can control

Question 15

quiet breathing

Answer 15

breathing during rest, where the diaphragm & external intercostal muscles relax

decreases chest volume
increases pressure in lungs

Question 16

forced breathing

Answer 16

internal intercostal muscles working to decrease size of thoracic cavity, to allow the ribcage to push all the air out

exercise & speaking

Question 17

muscles - quiet breathing

Answer 17

• diaphragm
• external intercostals

Question 18

muscles - forced breathing

Answer 18

diaphragm & intercostal muscles = contract

scalenes = contract & lift thoracic wall - increasing lung V

internal/external obliques = contract - forcing abs upwards against diaphragm (moves air out)

Question 19

Breathing apparatus sub division

Answer 19

Pulmonary apparatus = lungs & airways

Chest wall = rib cage wall, abdominal wall, diaphragm & abdominal content

Pulmonary = chest wall unit

Question 20

rib cage function

Answer 20

elevate and depress to support breathing

Question 21

rib cage structure

Answer 21

ribs (1-10)

Directly (1-7)

Indirectly (8-10)

Question 22

Coastal cartilage

Answer 22

helps to prolong the ribs forward & contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax

Question 23

sternum

Answer 23

a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest that protects the thoracic organs from trauma

Question 24

clavicles

Answer 24

S-shaped bone that rests horizontally at the sternum across the upper part of the ribcage

Question 25

Coastovertebral joints

Answer 25

allows for the Elevation and Depression of the ribs occurs at the costovertebral joints

Question 26

True ribs

Answer 26

1-7 attach to the sternum and elevate the ribs by moving in a superior and anterior motion

Question 27

ribs - labelled

Answer 27

articulator facets
head
neck
costal angle
shaft
costal groove
site of articulation (with costal cartilage)

Question 28

false ribs

Answer 28

8-10 don’t attach directly to the sternum and move in a bucket handle motion to increase or decrease the thoracic cavity during respiration

Question 29

floating ribs

Answer 29

(11-12) attach to the thoracic spine and protect our vital organs

Question 30

muscles of the thorax

Answer 30

• Thoracic Diaphragm
• Intercostal muscles (External & Internal)

~ Accessory inspiratory muscles
~ Accessory expiratory muscles

Question 31

Thoracic Diaphragm

Answer 31

the primary muscle of inspiration that is domed shape, allowing it to contract and flatten

Question 32

EXTERNAL Intercostal muscles

Answer 32

allow for INSPIRATION to occur by contracting the ribs upwards, creating space in the thoracic cavity and expanding the lungs for air to enter

Question 33

INTERNAL Intercostal muscles

Answer 33

allow for EXPIRATION to occur by contracting and compressing the thoracic cavity, decreasing its size and volume to expel air out

Question 34

Accessory inspiratory muscles

Answer 34

provide assistance to the main breathing muscles when additional power is needed

Elevate top & anterior rib cage

lift the 3rd, 4th, 5th ribs to increase space for air in the lungs

Question 35

Accessory expiratory muscles purpose

Answer 35

activated when we experience high respiratory load (coughing) or low inspiratory muscle capacity

Thoracic volume can be quickly decreased by large abdominal muscles
pulls down lower ribs = causing expiration

Question 36

muscles of the thorax - forced inspiration

Answer 36

Thoracic Diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
External intercostals
Intercostal nerves

Question 37

muscles of the thorax - forced expiration

Answer 37

Internal intercostals depress ribs & reduce size of thorax

Abdomen is compressed by abdominal muscles (push more air out)