W3 flashcards

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

• central & core of the body
• Includes the skull, cranium, sternum, ribs & vertebrae

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

• Body parts that attaches to the axial skeleton
  Includes the clavicle, scapula, pelvis, legs, arms etc

Question 3

vertebral column

Answer 3

• the core part of the axial skeletal system
• supports the head, arms & trunk, and is the scaffold for breathing mechanisms

Question 4

vertebral column - movements

Answer 4

• Sagittal plane movements (flexion & extension)
• coronal plane (side bending)
• transverse plane (rotation)

Question 5

vertebral column - components

Answer 5

33 segments

7 cervical vertebrae C1-C7
= (upper spine that support head weight)

12 thoracic vertebrae T1-T12
= (stand upright & protects our organs)

5 lumbar vertebrae L1-L5
= (back stability & attachment for muscles and ligaments.

5 sacral vertebrae S1-S5
= (strengthens the pelvis)

4 coccygeal vertebrae C1-C4
= (supports your weight & balance sitting)

Question 6

Extension of the vertebrae

Answer 6

gaps in the vertebrae allow for the thoracic area to extend more flexibly, creating greater extension of the back.

Question 7

vertebral arch

Answer 7

forms the lateral and posterior aspect of each vertebrae & supports spinous and transverse processes

Question 8

vertebral canal

Answer 8

multiple vertebrae are joined together, where the foramen makes a long tube or canal

Question 9

Intervertebral foramen

Answer 9

smaller spaces that allow spinal nerves to pass between the spinal cord & body regions.

Question 10

Joints

Answer 10

formed between typical vertebrae between the bodies to allow for movement

Question 11

vertebral arch processes

Answer 11

spinous process = attaches muscles & ligaments for flexion, rotation and extension

transverse process
= helps with lateral projection & provide attachment for muscles

Question 12

types of joint movement

Answer 12

Cartilaginous joint movement = more movement

Fibrous joint movement = usually immovable & lack a joint cavity

Question 13

intervertebral discs

Answer 13

Between each vertebra is an intervertebral disc that is filled with the nucleus pulposus, which provides cushioning for the spinal column

Question 14

musculature - rectus abdominus

Answer 14

attached to the 5th, 6th, 7th costal cartilages of lower sternum that depresses the lower ribs

Question 15

musculature - External obliques

Answer 15

attached to the coxal bone and lower 8 ribs that pulls the lower 8 ribs downwards

Question 16

musculature - Internal obliques

Answer 16

attached to the coxal bone and lower 4 ribs that pulls the lower ribs downward

Question 17

musculature - Transverse abdominis

Answer 17

attached to the coxal bone and lower 4 ribs that pulls the lower ribs downward & forces the abdominal wall inward

Question 18

musculature - scalene muscles

Answer 18

three paired muscles in the lower back (Anterior, Middle, Posterior) that allows for flexion at the neck, and act as accessory muscles of respiration

Question 19

respiratory system

Answer 19

takes up oxygen from the air we breathe (inspire) and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide (expire)

Question 20

upper respiratory tract

Answer 20

• sinuses (drains mucus)
• nose (breathes in)
• nasal cavity (passageway for air entering the body)
• pharynx (passageway for air entering the RS)

Question 21

lower respiratory tract

Answer 21

• larynx (breathing, sound and protects trachea against food aspiration)
• trachea (connects your larynx (voice box) to your lungs)
• bronchi (connecting to your trachea for direct airflow to your lungs)
• bronchioles

Question 22

lungs - parietal pleura

Answer 22

Inner chest wall is covered by parietal pleura, which allows for the expansion of the ribcage so we can breathe

Question 23

pharynx

Answer 23

= passageway for air entering the respiratory system

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 24

respiratory pathway order

Answer 24

• nostrils
• nasal cavity
• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• larngopharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• primary bronchi
• secondary bronchi
• tertiary bronchi
• smaller bronchi
• broncioles
• terminal broncioles

Question 25

conducting zones

Answer 25

Structures that don’t participate in gas exchange

Instead provide rigid passageways that allow air to reach alveoli

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, bronchioles

Question 26

respiratory zones

Answer 26

Structures that participate in gas exchange

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs & alveoli