W1 flashcards
nervous system, cranial nerves, hearing & speech/swallowing
what is a neuron
structural & functional unit of the nervous system
types of neurons
- unipolar (soma on one end, dendrites on opposite)
- bipolar (head - central - dendrites on one end)
- psedounipolar (head - middle, sensory receptors on both ends)
- multipolar (bushy dendrites)
CNS
- frontal lobe (memory & thought process)
- parietal lobe (sensations)
- temporal lobe (hearing)
- occipital (vision)
Wernickes & Broca’s
peripheral nervous system
- sensory & motor neurons sent to/from
- relay information between your brain and the rest of your body
sensory (afferent) nerve fibres
From the PNS to the CNS (e.g. touch of our skin, taste from our tongue)
motor (efferent) nerve fibres
From CNS to PNS to effect muscles
cranial nerves
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
CNVI
olfactory nerve
= Sense of smell (afferent)
CNVII
optic nerve
= Ability to move & blink your eyes (efferent)
CNVIII
occulomotor
= Ability to move & blink your eyes (efferent)
CNVI
Trochlear
= Ability to move your eyes up and down or back and forth (efferent)
CNV
trigeminal
= Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements (both)
CNVI
abducens
= Ability to move your eyes (efferent)
CNVII
facial
= Facial expressions & sense of taste (both)
CNVIII
vestibulocochlear
= Sense of hearing and balance (afferent)
CNVIX
glossopharyngeal
= ability to taste and swallow (both)
CNX
vagus
= Digestion and heart rate (both)
CNXI
accessory
= Shoulder and neck muscle movement (efferent)
CNXII
hypoglossal
= Ability to move your tongue (efferent)
what are the speech and swallowing nerve
Trigeminal V
facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
vagus X
accessory XI
hypoglossal XII
somatic VS visceral
somatic = body wall muscles
visceral = glands or organs
general VS special
general = touch, pain, temp, pressure
special = vision, hearing, taste, and smell
Nerve components
epineurium - wraps entire nerve
perineurium - bundles many nerves into fascicles
endoneurium - each nerve filament
CNV branches
Opthalmic (CN V1) = sensory
Maxillary (CN V2) = (sensory innervation of the palate & upper teeth)
Mandibular (CN V3) = mixed ( lower lip, teeth, buccal mucosa, general sensations of the anterior 2/3 of tongue)
CNVII innervations
efferent
- General somatic fibers are facial expressions + lip movements
- Crying and saliva production
Afferent
- Special anterior tongue fibers (for taste)
CNIX innervations
efferent
- Fibers to the stylopharyngeus to help elevate the pharynx in swallowing
Afferent
- Special anterior tongue fibers (for taste)
- General somatic afferent touch (pressure & pain)
CNX innervations
efferent
- pharynegal and velar muscles (swallowing)
- Larynx (voice)
Afferent
- pharyngeal & larynx region
- Ear drum & external ear
CNXII
General somatic efferent to the muscles of the tongue
CNXI
General somatic support for our neck muscles
coronal & frontal plane
side to side (start jumps)
horizontal / transverse plane
cuts the body in half from the waist (leaning forwards or backwards)
medial plane
vertically passes through the middle (being chopped into two even halves)
saggital plane (median)
a vertical plane which passes down the midline of the body (similar to medial plane)
