w6- anaytomy Flashcards
what is the main portion of the larnyx that keeps food and drink out the airway
what is the structural base of the larnyx
vestibular folds
cricoid cartilage
what is epiglottis
airway obstruction caused by mucousal swelling over epiglottis
what attaches to the oblique line
inferior pharyngeal, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
what cartilage is involved in phonation
arytenoid cartilage
what 2 nerves penetrate the thyrohyoid membran e
internal laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
what can be done to establish an airway
cricothomy
Only minor structures, such as the cricothyroid artery, lie superficial to the median cricothyroid ligament. If the airway is blocked above the vocal ligaments, perforation of the median cricothyroid ligament (a cricothyrotomy) will re-establish a clear airway
what forms the vocal ligaments
The superior free edge of the lateral cricothyroid ligament forms thevocal ligaments.
The vocal ligaments attach anteriorly to the to the thyroid cartilage and posteriorly to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages.
what are major sites for foreign body entrapement
what nerve may be damages in the surgical clearance
what is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity where aspired foreign bodies or edema of the laryngeal mucosa may obstruct the airway
piriform recess and epiglottic vallecula
internal largngeal- sensation (can be damaged with mucousa)
recurrent laryngeal n (can be damaged with surgical removal)
the rima glottidis
function of
- Cricothyroid
- Vocalis
- Transverse arytenoid
- Thyroarytenoid
- Posterior cricoarytenoid
1.Cricothyroid raises pitch by tilting the thyroid cartilage forward (fig A)
2.Vocalis“fine tunes” pitch by adjusting the tension of small segments of the vocal fold. (fig B)
3.Transverse arytenoid adducts vocal ligaments, allowing for sound production (fig C)
4.Thyroarytenoid relaxes vocal ligaments and decreases pitch (fig D)
5.Posterior cricoarytenoid abducts the vocal ligaments (fig D)
how would a lesion to the recurrent laryngela occur and what would it result in
A lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve results in respiratory obstruction, hoarseness, inability to speak above a whisper, and loss of sensation below the vocal cord. Lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve most often occur by aortic aneurysm (note relation of aorta to RLN) or during thyroidectomy or cricothyrotomy.
•Recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions produce paralysis of most of the ipsilateral laryngeal mm (except cricothyroid) producing vocal cords fixed in a paramedian position (this may results in dyspneaupon exertion), mild hoarseness and poor tonal control. Sensation is lost belowthe vocal folds.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle (which is innervated by the external laryngeal)
what does a lesion of the internal and external laryngeal nerve result in
A lesion of the internal laryngeal nerve results in loss of sensation above the vocal fold and loss of taste on the epiglottis.
A lesion of the externallaryngeal nerve results in a hypotonic cricothyroid muscle and mild hoarseness and weak voice at higher frequencies. Lesion of the external laryngeal nerve may occur during thyroidectomy.
what would damage to the vagus result in
what would samage to the superior laryngeal result in
- Skull base lesions result in paralysis of alllaryngeal muscles, an inability to close the glottis, and ipsilateral loss of sensation
- Superior laryngeal nerve lesions affect the cricothyroid muscle, resulting in hoarsenessand weak voice at higherfrequencies as well as lossofsensationabove the vocal fold. This lesion affects boththe internal and external laryngeal nn.
outline airflow during inspiration
Airflow during inhalation: trachea ➤ main (primary) bronchi ➤ lobar (secondary) bronchi ➤ segmental (tertiary) bronchi
outline the path of lymph drainage
•Path of most lymphatic drainage: pulmonary nodes ➤ bronchopulmonary nodes ➤ superior & inferior tracheobronchial nodes ➤ paratracheal nodes ➤ right or left bronchomediastinaltrunk ➤ right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct
