w3 heart anatomy Flashcards
where are the base and apex of the heart located
base- faces the bodies of vertebrae T6–T9
comprised primarily of the left atrium along with the posterior aspect of the right atrium
apex- intercostal space 5
comprised of the inferolateral portion of the left ventricle
what are the borders of the heart
-right: right atrium
-left: left auricle and left ventricle
-superior: right and left atria and their auricles, bases of the great vessels
-inferior: mostly right ventricle, some left ventricle at the apex
the esophagus courses posterior to what structure of the heart
left atrium
what makes up most of the right and left border of the heart
right atrium
left ventricle
what is the function of auricles
“flappy” muscular pouches continuous with the right and left atria, may function as blood volume reservoirs or areas that allow pressure relief during ventricular systole
are pectinate muscles in the atrium or ventricle
atrium
what is teh remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum ( ligament bridging the left pulmonary artery to the aortic arc)
where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve run relative to the ligamentum arteriosum as it loops under the aortic arch
posterior
what attaches to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to prevent polapse
papillary muscles in the interior walls of the ventricles that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via chordae tendineae
- contract during ventricular systole to prevent prolapse of the AV valves
- often named for the cusp to which they attach (three papillary muscles for the tricuspid, two for the mitral/bicuspid)
what allows the papillary muscle to contract with proper timing
moderator band
found in the right ventricle that carries fibers of the AV bundle branch to the right anterior papillary muscle
define the conus arteriosus
smooth-walled superior portion of the right ventricle that directs blood out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk
what is the function of the pericardial cavity
lubricates the heart’s movement within the mediastinum
helps anchor the heart within the mediastinum
limits the heart’s movement
limits over-filling of the heart
and provides a physical barrier against insults such as infection
what passage allows a surgeon to isolate the isolate the aorta and pulmonary trunk
transverse pericardial sinus
outline the flow of blood through the heart
SVC/IVC ➤ right atrium ➤ tricuspid valve ➤ right ventricle ➤ pulmonary semilunar valve ➤ pulmonary trunk ➤ pulmonary aa. ➤ lungs ➤ pulmonary vv. ➤ left atrium ➤ mitral (bicuspid) valve ➤ left ventricle ➤ aortic semilunar valve ➤ ascending aorta
what valves are open during systole
aortic and pulmonary
what valves are open suring diastole
atrioventricular valves
does atrial contraction occur during diastole or systole
diastole
ID the 4 valves
tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
- prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium
- three cusps: anterior, posterior, and septal (medial)
pulmonary semilunar valve (pulmonic valve)
- prevents backflow from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle
- three cusps: anterior, right, and left
mitral valve (bicuspid, left atrioventricular valve)
- prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium
- two cusps: anterior and posterior
aortic semilunar valve
- prevents backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle
- three cusps: right, left, and posterior (non-coronary)
which valves must sustain the highest pressure
AV valve this is why they are anchored by papillary muscles
what occurs during the lub dub heart sound
ventricular systole & ejection
AV valves close: “lub”
semilunar valves open
ventricular diastole & filling
semilunar valves close: “dup”
AV valves open
how is coronary dominance determined
artery that supplies the posterior interventricular branch (posterior descending artery, PDA) determines the “coronary dominance” of the heart.
what artery supplies the anterior portions of right ventricle
left coronary artery (LCA)
where does the right and left coronary artery branch from
aorta
what supplies the Endocardium
receives nutrients directly from the blood within the heart’s chambers
what artery supplies the interventricular septum anterior 2/3
left coronary artery (LCA)
what supplies the AV bundle and branches
left coronary artery
what supples the posterior portion of the left ventricle
right coronary artery
what supplies the epicardium and myocardium
left and right coronary arteries
is the myocardium of the heart perfused during systole or diastole
diastole
