w3 heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where are the base and apex of the heart located

A

base- faces the bodies of vertebrae T6–T9

comprised primarily of the left atrium along with the posterior aspect of the right atrium

apex- intercostal space 5

comprised of the inferolateral portion of the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the borders of the heart

A

-right: right atrium

-left: left auricle and left ventricle

-superior: right and left atria and their auricles, bases of the great vessels

-inferior: mostly right ventricle, some left ventricle at the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the esophagus courses posterior to what structure of the heart

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up most of the right and left border of the heart

A

right atrium

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of auricles

A

“flappy” muscular pouches continuous with the right and left atria, may function as blood volume reservoirs or areas that allow pressure relief during ventricular systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are pectinate muscles in the atrium or ventricle

A

atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is teh remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum ( ligament bridging the left pulmonary artery to the aortic arc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve run relative to the ligamentum arteriosum as it loops under the aortic arch

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what attaches to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to prevent polapse

A

papillary muscles in the interior walls of the ventricles that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via chordae tendineae

  • contract during ventricular systole to prevent prolapse of the AV valves
  • often named for the cusp to which they attach (three papillary muscles for the tricuspid, two for the mitral/bicuspid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what allows the papillary muscle to contract with proper timing

A

moderator band

found in the right ventricle that carries fibers of the AV bundle branch to the right anterior papillary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define the conus arteriosus

A

smooth-walled superior portion of the right ventricle that directs blood out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the pericardial cavity

A

lubricates the heart’s movement within the mediastinum

helps anchor the heart within the mediastinum

limits the heart’s movement

limits over-filling of the heart

and provides a physical barrier against insults such as infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what passage allows a surgeon to isolate the isolate the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

transverse pericardial sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

outline the flow of blood through the heart

A

SVC/IVC ➤ right atrium ➤ tricuspid valve ➤ right ventricle ➤ pulmonary semilunar valve ➤ pulmonary trunk ➤ pulmonary aa. ➤ lungs ➤ pulmonary vv. ➤ left atrium ➤ mitral (bicuspid) valve ➤ left ventricle ➤ aortic semilunar valve ➤ ascending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what valves are open during systole

A

aortic and pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what valves are open suring diastole

A

atrioventricular valves

17
Q

does atrial contraction occur during diastole or systole

A

diastole

18
Q

ID the 4 valves

A

tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)

  • prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium
  • three cusps: anterior, posterior, and septal (medial)

pulmonary semilunar valve (pulmonic valve)

  • prevents backflow from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle
  • three cusps: anterior, right, and left

mitral valve (bicuspid, left atrioventricular valve)

  • prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium
  • two cusps: anterior and posterior

aortic semilunar valve

  • prevents backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle
  • three cusps: right, left, and posterior (non-coronary)
19
Q
A
20
Q

which valves must sustain the highest pressure

A

AV valve this is why they are anchored by papillary muscles

21
Q

what occurs during the lub dub heart sound

A

ventricular systole & ejection

AV valves close: “lub”

semilunar valves open

ventricular diastole & filling

semilunar valves close: “dup”

AV valves open

22
Q

how is coronary dominance determined

A

artery that supplies the posterior interventricular branch (posterior descending artery, PDA) determines the “coronary dominance” of the heart.

23
Q

what artery supplies the anterior portions of right ventricle

A

left coronary artery (LCA)

24
Q

where does the right and left coronary artery branch from

A

aorta

25
Q

what supplies the Endocardium

A

receives nutrients directly from the blood within the heart’s chambers

26
Q

what artery supplies the interventricular septum anterior 2/3

A

left coronary artery (LCA)

27
Q

what supplies the AV bundle and branches

A

left coronary artery

28
Q

what supples the posterior portion of the left ventricle

A

right coronary artery

29
Q

what supplies the epicardium and myocardium

A

left and right coronary arteries

30
Q

is the myocardium of the heart perfused during systole or diastole

A

diastole