W5- Types Of Fractures Flashcards
What is an open/compound fracture?
When the bone has broken the skin
What is a closed/simple fracture?
Skin is not broken and soft tissue damage is minimum
What is an impacted fracture
Two bones break as a result in being enforced into each other due to high impact
What is a displaced fracture?
2 or more fragments that have moved from their original position
What is a comminuted fracture
Lots of different pieces
Name 5 shapes of a fracture
Spiral, oblique (twisting & direct force), green stick (only in children and is when bone bends and a couple bits will break off), Dre or Essex (skull fracture gone downwards), transverse,
Where can fractures be positioned?
Distal/proximal, shaft, neck, and epiphysis
Name the four stages of healing a fracture
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodelling
What happens in hematoma formation?
A clot is produced within 6 to 8 hours
Bone cells die
Inflammation brings phagocytes to injured area
New capillaries grow onto the damaged area
What happens in the fibrocartilogenous callus formation
Fibroblasts invade the procallus and lay down collagen
Chondroblasts produce fibrocartilage
What happens in the bony callous formation?
Osteoblasts secrete spongy bone to join broken ends together
This takes 3 to 4 months
What happens in the bone remodelling stage of fracture healing?
Spongy bone is replaced with compact bone
The surface is remodelled back to its normal shape
Sometimes a palpable lump may remain on injured area
