Lifespan Development - Pathophysiology Flashcards
Name the 6 stages to lifespan development
Infancy (birth - 2yrs), childhood (2+yrs - 10yrs), adolescence (10-20yrs), early adulthood (20-40yrs), middle age (40-65yrs) & older age (65 yrs +)
What happens in first trimester of prenatal development
Embryological & foetal development, major organ systems develop (heart & lungs),
Name 4 adaptations of a foetus’ circulatory system
Umbilical vein
Ductus Venosus
Foraman ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Name the process which causes blood vessels lining the alveoli in a foetus to contract resulting in high resistance
Hypoxic pulmonary vaso constriction
How does the ductus arteriosus close after birth
Babies first breath causes pressure in the lungs to drop & more blood will flow to the lungs due to less resistance so more blood enters the pulmonary system and the increase in blood and o2 causes the ductus arteriosus to contract and close
How does the foraman ovale close after birth
Increase in pressure in the left atrium due to more blood leaving the lungs causing it to close
What causes the ductus venosus to close
The clamping of the umbilical cord reduces/stops blood flow to the placenta causing it to shut after several hours
List factors of the respiratory system in infants that increase the risk of issues & infections
Soft cartilaginous rib cage
Poorly developed intercostal muscles & less type 1 muscle twitch fibres = fatigue so they sleep a lot
Diaphragm positioned horizontally not domed so mechanical disadvantage so cannot take in as much air
Less cartilage in nasal cavity so more likely to collapse
Poorly developed cilia (don’t waft as well and are not rhythmic so cannot clear mucus away)
150 million alveoli
List factors of the muscularskeletal system in infants
Born with 300 bones and some fuse together (skull)
Bones are soft, cartilaginous and ossify over time (1yrs)
Small & weak muscle fibres so more prone to weakness and fatigue
Body fat lays down at 9-12 months
