W5 - Stages Of Healing A Fracture Flashcards
Name the 4 stages of fracture healing (HFBR)
- Hematoma formation
- Fibrocartilaginous Callus formation
- Boney callus formation
- Remodelling of the bone
What happens in hematoma formation?
Blood vessels break & bleeding occurs as surrounding tissue dies & clot occurs
Inflammation brings phagocytic cells & new capillary grow in the damaged area.
What happens in the fibrocartilagenous callus formation?
Fibroblast cells produced collagen, allowing a callus to form on the inside and outside of the bone
What happens in the formation of bony Callus?
Osteoblasts differentiate and secrete spongy bone that joins the broken ends back together
What happens in bone remodelling?
Spongy bone is replaced with compact bone
Surface is remodelled back to its normal shape
Sometimes a palpable lump remains
What bones heal the fastest?
Bones that have large surface areas such as upper limbs
What factors affect the rate of healing?
Vascular supply, age, type of fracture, site of fracture, infection, and separation of bone ends.
What are the clinical features of a fracture?
Pain and tenderness, swelling and bruising, deformity, impaired function
What is a closed fracture?
A simple fracture with minimum soft tissue damage
What is an open fracture?
Simple fracture which needs higher level of mobilisation four an open or compact fracture that damages tissues and has an increased risk of infection
How do you treat a closed fracture?
Immobilisation of the fracture using a sling cast or splint
What does O.R.I.F stand for in regards to a simple open fracture?
Open reduction internal fixation
What does O.R.E.F stand for in relation to a open compact fracture?
Open reduction external fixation
